durer French · revision 17123

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis|origins=la dūrō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /dy.ʁe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''durer'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|dūrō|t=to last; to endure; to harden]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|3, 188a)^(Wiktionary) The Grand Robert and Littré derive the Latin verb from [[m|la|dūrus|t=hard]] (see [[dur]]); Rey and Bloch and Wartburg think that “dūrāre” “to last” may have a separate source, the root of [[m|la|dūdum|t=a while ago]] and [[m|la|dum]], confused with “dūrāre” “to harden”, as the ideas of lasting and enduring something hard were close; in Latin they were no longer felt as different.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Compare [[pro|durar]], [[es|durar]] and [[it|durare]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Alexis'' (about 1050) has ''li mens quars tant duret'', and the ''Chanson de Roland'' ''Icest hunte dureit al leur vivant'' “this shame would last as long as they lived”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Until the classical period it was also said of living beings: “to stay alive” (12th century), “to stay in place” (end of the 12th century, still in the 17th) and “to hold out, resist” (Jean Bodel, about 1196).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Some of these uses survive regionally in the north and west of France and in Burgundy (''ne pas durer en place''), and in African French ''durer'' means to stay, to live somewhere.^(DHLF 1992) The present participle gave the preposition [[durant]] (16th century), from phrases like ''le mariage durant'' (13th century).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1050 – ''Duret'', ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1050 – ''Durable''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 12th century – “To stay alive”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 12th century – ''Durée''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * c. 1196 – “To resist”, Jean Bodel.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 16th century – ''Durant'' as a preposition.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|last]], go on for (a time): ''le film dure deux heures'', ''ça ne peut pas durer''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To last, endure, wear well: ''ces chaussures ont duré dix ans''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(regional)'' ''Ne pas durer en place'': to be unable to keep still.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(African French)'' To stay, live (somewhere).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[durable]]

+ * [[durée]]

+ * [[durant]]

+ * [[durablement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[endurer]]

+ * [[dur]]

+ * [[la|dūrō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}