traiter French · revision 17119

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=first half of the 12th century, Psautier de Cambridge (traitier)|origins=la trahō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /tʁɛ.te/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /tʁe.te/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''traiter'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''traitier'', ''tretier'', Middle French ''traicter''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|traitier]], [[inh|la|tractō|t=to drag; to handle; to manage; to deal with, discuss]], the frequentative of [[m|la|trahō|t=to draw, pull]] (see [[traire]]), formed on its supine “tractum”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|13/2, 140b)^(Wiktionary) In Old French it sometimes still meant “to pull, touch”, and also “to lead, govern”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ Compare [[pro|tractar]], [[es|tratar]] and [[it|trattare]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the Cambridge Psalter (first half of the 12th century) it means to carry on negotiations for an agreement; the ''Roman d'Eneas'' (about 1130) has ''traitier sa vie'' “to conduct oneself”.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Benoît de Sainte-Maure (about 1165) uses ''traitier de'' for dealing with a subject in speech or writing, ''traiter une question'' is from 1203, and in 1656 a book ''traite'' of something.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) About 1174–76 it meant to behave towards someone in a certain way, ''traiter qqn de'' “to call someone (something)” is in Pascal (1660) and Molière (1671), and could be complimentary in classical French, whereas now it is only insulting, ''traiter comme un chien'' is in the Académie (1718).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Robert Estienne (1538–39) has it for entertaining guests at table and for treating an ulcer; treating a patient is from 1636.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In 1213 it meant to handle, touch, until 1638.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ “To negotiate an agreement” led to trade (after 1650) and in the 18th century to ''traiter des nègres'' (1723), linked with ''traite''; in African French ''traiter'' still means to buy crops from growers for resale.^(DHLF 1992) Chemistry uses it for processing a substance (1765).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * first half of the 12th century – To negotiate, Cambridge Psalter.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1165 – To treat a subject, Benoît de Sainte-Maure.^(TLFi)

+ * 1174–76 – To treat someone in a certain way.^(TLFi)

+ * 1213 – To handle, ''Faits des Romains''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1539 – To treat an ulcer, Robert Estienne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1671 – ''Traiter qqn de'', Molière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1765 – To process a substance.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|treat]] (someone) in a certain way: ''bien traiter ses employés'', ''traiter qqn en ami'', ''traiter comme un chien''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Traiter qqn de'': to call someone (an insulting name): ''il m'a traité de menteur''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To treat medically: ''traiter un malade'', ''traiter une maladie''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To process, treat (a substance or material): ''traiter un minerai'', ''fruits non traités'', ''(computing)'' to process data.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # To deal with, discuss (a subject): ''traiter une question'', ''ce livre traite de l'histoire''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To negotiate, deal: ''traiter avec l'ennemi'', ''traiter une affaire''.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(dated)'' To entertain at table.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[traitement]]

+ * [[traité]]

+ * [[traitant]]

+ * [[traiteur]]

+ * [[maltraiter]]

+ * [[sous-traiter]]

+ * [[intraitable]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[traire]]

+ * [[trait]]

+ * [[traite]]

+ * [[tracter]]

+ * [[la|tractō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}