objet French · revision 17107

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1370–72, Nicole Oresme (object)|origins=la iaciō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɔb.ʒɛ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''objet''' ''m'' (plural objets)^(Wiktionary)

+ Middle French ''object''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-med|obiectum|t=thing that affects the senses]], a scholastic term, literally “what is placed before”, the neuter past participle used as a noun of [[la|obiciō|t=to throw before, put before; to oppose]], from [[m|la|ob-|t=before, against]] and [[m|la|iaciō|t=to throw]] (see [[jeter]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|7, 264b) In scholastic Latin “objectum” was opposed to “subjectum” (see [[sujet]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Nicole Oresme, in his translation of Aristotle's ''Ethics'' (1370–72), uses ''object'' for anything that affects the senses, especially sight, and for whatever is the matter of the mind's activity.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 16th and 17th centuries the word was used above all of what affects sight, an appearance or sight, and of a mental image (about 1587).^(DHLF 1992) From Ronsard (1556) it named the cause of a feeling, especially the beloved (''l'objet de mes vœux''), and, from 1612 the aim of desire or effort, whence ''avoir pour objet'' and the subject matter of a study (Pascal).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Descartes (1647) uses it philosophically for what exists independently of the mind.^(TLFi)

+

+ The everyday sense, a material thing, appears late: ''objets de frivolité'' (Necker, 1784), ''objet d'art'' (1831).^(TLFi) Grammar uses it for the direct complement (Condillac, 1798, ''complément d'objet'', 1922), law for what a right or contract bears on (Code civil, 1804), and psychoanalysis for the object of a drive (1920s).^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1370–72 – ''Object'', what affects the senses, Oresme.^(TLFi)

+ * 1556 – The cause of a feeling, Ronsard.^(TLFi)

+ * 1612 – An aim, Régnier.^(TLFi)

+ * 1647 – Philosophical sense, Descartes.^(TLFi)

+ * 1784 – A material thing, Necker.^(TLFi)

+ * 1798 – Grammatical object, Condillac.^(TLFi)

+ * 1831 – ''Objet d'art'', Michelet.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|object]], a thing, especially a made thing: ''des objets en bois'', ''objet d'art'', ''objets trouvés'', lost property.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The object (of a feeling, an action): ''être l'objet de critiques'', ''faire l'objet de''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An aim, [[m|en|purpose]]; the subject matter (of a study): ''avoir pour objet''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(philosophy)'' What exists independently of the knowing subject.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(grammar)'' The object: ''complément d'objet direct''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(computing)'' An object in object-oriented programming.^(Wiktionary)

+ # The subject line of a letter or e-mail.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[objectif]]

+ * [[objectivité]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[objecter]]

+ * [[objection]]

+ * [[sujet]]

+ * [[projet]]

+ * [[jeter]]

+ * [[en|object]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}