obtenir French · revision 17103

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1283 (optenir)|origins=la teneō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɔp.tə.niʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''obtenir'''^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Optenir'' (1283), with the usual devoicing of ⟨b⟩ before ⟨t⟩, ''obtenir'' from about 1355 (Bersuire).^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|obtineō|t=to hold firmly; to possess; to maintain, keep]], from [[m|la|ob-]] and [[m|la|teneō|t=to hold]], adapted to the conjugation of [[tenir]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|7, 292a) The Latin verb took the sense “to obtain” only in the 14th and 15th centuries, according to Bloch and Wartburg.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A charter of 1283 from the Aube has ''optenir'' in the sense “to succeed in being granted (what one wants)”; the GLLF gives Beaumanoir about the same time.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Bersuire (14th century) and Froissart use it of gaining something by favour or by force, and Commynes (about 1500) of attaining an end, such as a victory.^(Littré 1873)^(TLFi) ''Obtenir qqch. à qqn'', “to get something for someone”, is in Bossuet (1669).^(GLLF 1989) In mathematics it meant to arrive at a result by calculation (Académie, 1762), and in chemistry to produce a substance (the ''Méthode de nomenclature chimique'' of Lavoisier and others, 1787).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ The learned noun [[obtention]] (1360, ''obstencion'') was formed on the Latin past participle ''obtentus'' to serve as its noun.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1283 – ''Optenir'' “to be granted”.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1355 – ''Obtenir'', Bersuire.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * c. 1500 – “To attain”, Commynes.^(TLFi)

+ * 1762 – To arrive at (a result), Académie.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1787 – To produce (chemistry).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|obtain]], get, be granted: ''obtenir un visa'', ''obtenir qqch. de qqn''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To achieve, reach (a result): ''obtenir de bons résultats'', ''obtenir son diplôme''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To produce, arrive at (a substance, a result by calculation).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[obtention]]

+ * [[obtenteur]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tenir]]

+ * [[la|obtineō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}