colère French · revision 17102

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1265, Brunetto Latini (colere, “bile”)|origins=grc χολέρα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kɔ.lɛʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): [kolæ(ɾ)]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec): [kɔ.laɛ̯ʁ]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''colère''' ''f'' (plural colères)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Colere'' (about 1265), ''collere'' (1416); also ''cholère'' until the 17th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|cholera|t=bilious disease, bile; in Late Latin, anger]], itself borrowed from [[grc|χολέρα|tr=choléra|t=cholera]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|2, 643a) The sense “bile” came from confusion with [[m|grc|χολή|tr=cholḗ|t=bile]], and the sense “anger” is already in Saint Jerome (4th century).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi) It is a doublet of [[choléra]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Brunetto Latini's ''Trésor'' (about 1265) uses ''colere'' for bile, a sense that lasted until the 16th century; the modern sense, a violent state of feeling, is in the ''Livre Caumont'' (1416).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ At first anger was still thought of as a heating of the bile, commonly called ''chaude chole''; the spelling ''cholère'' kept the link until the 17th century, when ''colère'' broke with the theory of humours and replaced the older [[ire]] and [[courroux]] in everyday use.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873) Its literary and biblical sense, a violent unleashing (''les coleres du ciel'', Belleau, 1556–77), rendered Latin ''ira'' as in ''jour de colère'' (''dies irae'').^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ The adjective ''colère'' “quick-tempered” (Gringore, 1505; of a person, Ronsard, 1550) was used by classical writers but after 1920 is only regional or archaic.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1265 – ''Colere'' “bile”, Brunetto Latini.^(TLFi)

+ * 1416 – ''Collere'' “anger”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1505 – Adjective “quick-tempered”, Gringore.^(TLFi)

+ * 1556–77 – ''Les coleres du ciel'', Belleau.^(TLFi)

+ * 1835 – The derivative ''décolérer''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|anger]], rage: ''se mettre en colère'', ''être en colère'', ''une colère noire''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A fit of anger: ''piquer une colère''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(literary)'' Violent fury (of the elements, of God): ''la colère des flots''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(dated or regional)'' Quick-tempered, irascible.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[coléreux]]

+ * [[colérique]]

+ * [[décolérer]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[choléra]]

+ * [[grc|χολή|tr=cholḗ]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}