souhaiter French · revision 17094

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=1165–70, Chrétien de Troyes, Erec et Enide (souhaidier)|origins=la subtus, frk *haitan}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /swɛ.te/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /swe.te/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (archaic): /su.ɛ.te/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (archaic): /su.e.te/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''souhaiter'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|sohaidier]] (about 1170), ''soushaidier'', ''souhaitier'', ''souhaiter'' from the 14th century (Machaut, Froissart).^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|sohaidier]], according to the TLFi, the FEW and Bloch and Wartburg from Gallo-Romance [[la-vul|*subtushaitō|t=to promise without committing oneself too far]], a hybrid of [[la|subtus|t=under]] (see [[sous]]) and [[frk|*haitan|t=to order, promise]], compare [[got|𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽|tr=haitan]] and [[goh|heizzan|t=to order]].^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) The change from “-d-” to “-t-” in Middle French is due to the noun [[souhait]].^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Pierre Guiraud proposed instead [[m|la-vul|*subadiūtō]], from [[la|adiūtō]] (see [[aider]]): to wish would be to fall short of making an effort.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Littré took it from “sous” and the old verb “haitier” “to make glad”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Chrétien de Troyes's ''Erec et Enide'' (1165–70) has ''souhaidier'', “to wish for something”.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1553 ''souhaiter qqn'' meant to wish for someone's presence, a use now dated.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The 17th century brought the modern constructions: ''souhaiter de'' + infinitive (Descartes, 1637), ''souhaiter que'' + subjunctive (Racine, 1669), and formulas of good wishes such as ''souhaiter la bonne année'' (1627) and ''souhaiter le bonjour''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) ''Il est à souhaiter que'' is recorded from 1797.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1165–70 – ''Souhaidier'', Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1170 – The noun ''souhait''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 14th century – ''Souhaiter'', Machaut.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1553 – ''Souhaiter qqn''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1627 – ''Souhaiter la bonne année''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1669 – ''Souhaiter que'', Racine.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|wish]] for, hope for: ''je souhaite qu'il réussisse'', ''souhaiter partir''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To wish (someone something): ''souhaiter bonne chance à qqn'', ''je vous souhaite une bonne année''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(dated)'' To wish for the presence of (someone).^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[souhait]]

+ * [[souhaitable]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sous]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}