arracher French · revision 17092

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=early 12th century (arachié)|origins=la rādīx}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.ʁa.ʃe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''arracher'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|esrachier]], ''arachier''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|esrachier]] with a change of prefix, [[inh|la-vul|*exrādīcō]], from [[la|ērādīcō|t=to uproot]], from [[m|la|ex-]] and [[m|la|rādīx|t=root]] (see [[racine]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|3, 234a) According to Bloch and Wartburg, the prefix “a-” expresses the movement of pulling something towards oneself, Old French also had “desrachier”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) It is a doublet of the learned [[éradiquer]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Compare [[es|arraigar]] and [[pt|arreigar]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The participle ''arachié'' is found at the start of the 12th century for pulling a rooted plant out of the ground; the ''Livre des Rois'' has ''esracerad'' “will root out”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By the late 12th century it also meant to pull off something firmly attached, such as a tooth, which led to the figurative “to extract from someone” (16th century): ''arracher un aveu'', ''un secret''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873) With a person as object it meant to drive away by force (1690), as in ''arracher qqn à''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Reflexive uses include ''s'arracher qqn'' “to fight over someone” (''on se l'arrache'') and slang ''s'arracher'' “to clear off”; the noun ''arraché'' (weightlifting, 1894) gave ''à l'arraché'' “with a last-ditch effort”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) ''D'arrache-pied'' “relentlessly” dates from about 1515.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * early 12th century – ''Arachié'' “uprooted”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 12th century – The derivative ''arrachement''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * late 12th century – To pull off, extract.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * c. 1515 – ''D'arrache-pied''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 16th century – To extract (a confession).^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1690 – To tear (someone) away.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1894 – ''Arraché'' in weightlifting.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To pull up, [[m|en|uproot]]: ''arracher les mauvaises herbes''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To pull out, tear off: ''arracher une dent'', ''arracher une affiche''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To snatch, wrest (from someone): ''arracher un sac'', ''arracher un aveu à qqn''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To tear (someone) away (from a place, a state): ''arracher qqn au sommeil''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''S'arracher'': to tear oneself away, ''s'arracher qqn'', to fight over someone, ''(slang)'' to clear off.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[arrachage]]

+ * [[arrachement]]

+ * [[arracheur]]

+ * [[arrache-pied]]

+ * [[arraché]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[racine]]

+ * [[éradiquer]]

+ * [[la|ērādīcō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}