appuyer French · revision 17091

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland (apuier)|origins=grc πόδιον}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.pɥi.je/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''appuyer'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''apuier'', ''apoiier'', ''apoyer''.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|apuier]], [[inh|la-vul|*appodiō]], from [[m|la|ad-]] and [[la|podium|t=base, support; balcony]] (which gave [[puy]]), itself borrowed from [[grc|πόδιον|tr=pódion|t=little foot]], diminutive of [[m|grc|πούς|tr=poús|t=foot]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|25, 41b)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|appoggiare]], [[es|apoyar]], [[pt|apoiar]] and [[ca|apuiar]].^(REW 1935)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) Ganelon ''vait s'appuier souz le pin'', goes to lean under the pine; the verb meant both to support materially and to rely on something.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 12th century it meant to prop up, and in 1283 to build against something, ''s'apuier a droit'' “to rely on the law” is in Beaumanoir (1283).^(DHLF 1992) Abstract senses grew from the 17th century: to support someone, help (1669), to base a hope on something (1671).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Intransitively it meant to pronounce forcefully (1664) and to insist (''appuyer sur'', 1690), and to press on something (on the bit, 1690); ''appuyer sur la droite'' “to bear right” is from 1835.^(DHLF 1992) In slang ''s'appuyer qqch.'' is to get stuck with a chore (1912).^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''S'appuier'', ''Chanson de Roland''.^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 12th century – The noun ''appui''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1283 – To build against, ''s'apuier a droit''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1669 – To back (someone).^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1690 – ''Appuyer sur'' “to insist”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1835 – ''Appuyer sur la droite''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive)'' To lean, rest (something against or on something): ''appuyer une échelle contre un mur''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To support, prop up; to [[m|en|back]] (a person, a proposal): ''appuyer une candidature''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To press: ''appuyer sur le bouton'', ''appuyer sur le champignon'', to step on it.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To stress, insist: ''appuyer sur un mot''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''S'appuyer'': to lean (on, against); to rely (on): ''s'appuyer sur des faits'', ''(familiar)'' to get landed with (a chore).^(Wiktionary)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[appui]]

+ * [[appui-tête]]

+ * [[appui-main]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[puy]]

+ * [[podium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}