relever French · revision 17081

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=la levō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁə.l(ə).ve/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''relever'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|relevō|t=to lift up; to relieve, ease]], from [[m|la|re-]] and [[m|la|levō|t=to lighten, raise]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)^(FEW|5, 271b) The Grand Robert analyses it as [[af|fr|re-|lever]], and Rey thinks both a French formation and the Latin verb may have played a part in the 11th and 12th centuries; the noun [[relief]], from old forms such as “je relief”, shows that the verb was in use early.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ Compare [[it|rilevare]], [[oc|relevar]] and [[es|relevar]].^(REW 1935)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) the knights ''sur lor piez releverent'': to put back on one's feet.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Wace (1155–74) uses it for picking something up from the ground, a sense surviving in ''relever le gant'' “to take up the challenge” and in a teacher collecting exercise books.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Putting back in good order (about 1175) gave technical uses such as ''relever un vaisseau'' (1680), and figuratively restoring someone's fortunes (1174) and ''relever le courage'' (1564).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) At the end of the 14th century Froissart uses it for retorting sharply to someone, and in 1636 it means to point out, underline.^(TLFi)

+

+ Surveying gave ''relever un plan'' (1640) and taking a ship's bearing (1716), whence noting down in general (Chateaubriand, 1811), reading a meter (1890) and taking fingerprints (1952).^(TLFi) Raising upwards is from 1555 (Louise Labé), and in cooking ''relever'' a sauce is to spice it up.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary) Replacing a guard or a team gave the noun [[relève]] (1872).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – “To put back on one's feet”, ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1160–74 – To pick up, Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1174 – To restore (someone's fortunes).^(TLFi)

+ * 1555 – To raise, Louise Labé.^(TLFi)

+ * 1640 – ''Relever un plan'', Oudin.^(TLFi)

+ * 1811 – To note down, Chateaubriand.^(TLFi)

+ * 1872 – The noun ''relève''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To pick up, help up, stand up again: ''relever un blessé'', ''relever une chaise''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To restore, revive: ''relever l'économie'', ''relever un mur''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To raise, lift; to turn up: ''relever la tête'', ''relever son col''; to increase (prices, wages).^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # To spice up, season: ''relever une sauce''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To notice, point out: ''relever une erreur''; to react to (a remark).^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # To take down, note; to read (a meter): ''relever une adresse'', ''relever le compteur''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # To relieve (a sentry, a team); ''relever qqn de ses fonctions'', to dismiss someone.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Relever de'': to come under, be a matter for: ''cela relève de la justice''; to be recovering from (an illness).^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Se relever'': to get up again; to recover.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[relevé]]

+ * [[relève]]

+ * [[relèvement]]

+ * [[relevailles]]

+ * [[relief]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lever]]

+ * [[soulever]]

+ * [[la|relevō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}