désir French · revision 17073

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=c. 1170, Benoît de Sainte-Maure, Chronique des ducs de Normandie|origins=la dēsīderō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /de.ziʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''désir''' ''m'' (plural désirs)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''desir''; the Académie long allowed ''desir'' beside ''désir''.^(Littré 1873)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a deverbal noun from [[désirer]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) The verb is from [[la|dēsīderō|t=to miss, long for]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Littré stresses that “désir” does not continue [[la|dēsīderium]], which gave Old French “desirier” beside “desir”, Old French also had “desirance”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Compare [[pro|dezir]] and [[it|desire]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Benoît de Sainte-Maure's ''Chronique des ducs de Normandie'' (about 1170) uses it for a longing or wish; the GLLF dates it to Conon de Béthune at the end of the 12th century.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The courtly lyric of the 12th and 13th centuries used ''desir'' above all of love-longing (''fol desir'', the Châtelain de Coucy).^(Littré 1873) The sense of sensual appetite is in the Vidame de Chartres (before 1204).^(GLLF 1989) In philosophy it names a tendency towards an object of which one is conscious.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) ''Prendre ses désirs pour des réalités'' “to indulge in wishful thinking” and ''vos désirs sont des ordres'' are common phrases.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1170 – ''Desir'', Benoît de Sainte-Maure.^(TLFi)

+ * late 12th century – Conon de Béthune.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * before 1204 – Sensual desire, Vidame de Chartres.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|desire]], wish: ''exprimer un désir'', ''selon vos désirs'', ''prendre ses désirs pour des réalités''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Sexual desire.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(philosophy)'' A tendency towards an object present to the mind.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[désirer]]

+ * [[désireux]]

+ * [[désirable]]

+ * [[la|dēsīderō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}