prévoir French · revision 17059

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1219, Tailliar (previr)|origins=la videō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pʁe.vwaʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prévoir'''^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Previr'' (1219), remade as ''preveoir'', ''prevoir'' (1265); the Académie spelled it ''prevoir'' until 1718 and ''prévoir'' from 1740.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a semi-learned borrowing of [[la|praevideō|t=to see beforehand, foresee]], from [[m|la|prae-|t=before]] and [[m|la|videō|t=to see]], remade after [[voir]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|9, 326a) Wiktionary treats it as inherited through Old French “preveoir”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Old French preferred [[pourvoir]] in the sense “to foresee, envisage”; once the meanings were shared out, “prévoir” kept that sense and became common.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Brunetto Latini's ''Trésor'' (1284 manuscript) uses it for imagining in advance what is to happen: ''Garde toi de prevoir ce qui nos est deveé'' “beware of foreseeing what is forbidden to us”, Rey and the GLLF have the form ''previr'' from 1219.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Jean Marot (1537) uses it for considering future events and taking the necessary steps: ''qui bien prevoit obvie à maint meschef'' “who foresees well avoids many a mishap”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) Racine (1669) has it for arranging in advance, a sense mostly used in the passive, whence the familiar ''comme prévu'' “as planned” (1960), condemned by some grammarians.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Its derivatives include [[prévoyance]] (1410), modelled on ''pourvoyance'' with the prefix of ''prévoir'', and [[imprévu]] (1535).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1219 – ''Previr''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1265 – ''Prevoir'', Brunetto Latini.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1537 – To foresee and prepare, Jean Marot.^(TLFi)

+ * 1669 – To arrange in advance, Racine.^(TLFi)

+ * 1960 – ''Comme prévu''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|foresee]], expect, anticipate: ''prévoir le pire'', ''il était facile de prévoir qu'il échouerait''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|forecast]]: ''la pluie est prévue pour demain''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To plan, arrange in advance; to provide for: ''tout est prévu'', ''prévoir des provisions''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(law)'' To stipulate: ''la loi prévoit que…''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prévision]]

+ * [[prévisible]]

+ * [[prévu]]

+ * [[prévoyance]]

+ * [[prévoyant]]

+ * [[imprévu]]

+ * [[imprévisible]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[voir]]

+ * [[pourvoir]]

+ * [[la|praevideō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}