joue French · revision 17055

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland (joe)|origins=la-vul *gabota}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʒu/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''joue''' ''f'' (plural joues)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''joe'' (about 1100), ''jode'' (12th century); ''joue'' from 1273.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is not certain.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) It probably comes from a form “*gauta”, from a pre-Latin derivative [[inh|la-vul|*gabota]] or “*gabuta” of the pre-Latin base “*gaba” “crop, throat”, perhaps Gaulish, which is also behind [[gaver]], [[jabot]] and [[gavotte]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(FEW|4, 5b) The REW gives a Gaulish “gauta” “cheek”.^(REW 1935) Littré reports Diez's idea that the word comes from [[la|gabata|t=bowl]], by a popular comparison.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ The forms of northern Italy (“gaulta”), [[ca|galta]], [[pro|gauta]], Franco-Provençal “dzauta” and [[it|gota]] support this.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) it is the side of a man's face: ''La destre joe en a tute sanglante'' “his right cheek is all bloody”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 12th century ''jodes'' also meant the jaws of an animal, and ''joue de bœuf'' (about 1393) the cheek of an ox.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From the gun pressed against the cheek to aim came ''avoir le mousquet en joue'' (1618) and the order ''en joue !''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ By analogy it named the side pieces of objects: in building (1426, 1446), in railways and pulleys, and, from 1680 the side of an armchair between seat and armrest.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Tendre l'autre joue'', after the Gospel, is in Furetière (1690).^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Joe'', ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * first half of the 12th century – ''Jodes'', an animal's jaws.^(TLFi)

+ * 1273 – The form ''joue'', Adenet le Roi.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * c. 1393 – ''Joe de beuf'', ''Ménagier de Paris''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1426 – A metal fitting in building.^(TLFi)

+ * 1618 – ''Avoir le mousquet en joue'', d'Aubigné.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – ''Tendre l'autre joue''.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|cheek]]: ''embrasser sur la joue'', ''joues creuses'', ''danser joue contre joue''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Tendre l'autre joue'': to turn the other cheek.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''En joue'': aiming a gun: ''mettre en joue'', ''en joue ! feu !''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # The cheek of an animal: ''joue de bœuf''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(technical)'' A side piece of an object, of a pulley or an armchair.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[jouée]]

+ * [[bajoue]]

+ * [[abajoue]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[joufflu]]

+ * [[gaver]]

+ * [[jabot]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}