entraîner French · revision 17041

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1160–1174, Wace (en traiiner)|origins=la trahō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɑ̃.tʁɛ.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ɑ̃.tʁe.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''entraîner'''^(Wiktionary)

+ The rectified spelling ''entrainer'' is also used.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|fr|en-|traîner]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|13/2, 168b) “Traîner” goes back to [[la-vul|*tragīnō]], formed on a variant of [[la|trahō|t=to pull, drag]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The sporting sense “to train” (1828) was formed under the influence of [[en|train]], which had meant “to educate” since 1542 and “to train an animal” since 1609, itself borrowed from French “traîner”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|18, 126a) Littré gave this sense its own entry.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Wace's ''Roman de Rou'' (1160–1174) has ''en traiiner'' “to drag along with oneself”, its only sense until the 16th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1538 Robert Estienne records it with a thing as subject, “to carry off by force”, whence “to pull downwards” (1690) and later the mechanical sense.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) With a person as object it came to mean leading someone into doing something (1643, La Rochefoucauld), as in ''se laisser entraîner'', and with an abstract subject “to entail” (before 1654).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Racing borrowed the English sense for training horses (1828), then athletes, with ''s'entraîner'' (1872) and figurative uses from Taine (1865).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In cycling it also meant pacing a rider with a motorcycle (1885).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1160–1174 – ''En traiiner'', Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1538 – “To carry off by force”, Robert Estienne.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1643 – To lead someone into doing something, La Rochefoucauld.^(TLFi)

+ * before 1654 – “To entail”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1828 – To train a horse, ''Journal des haras''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1865 – “To practise”, Taine.^(TLFi)

+ * 1872 – ''S'entraîner''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To carry along, sweep away: ''le courant entraîne le navire'', ''(mechanics)'' to drive: ''moteur qui entraîne une machine''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To lead, take along (a person): ''il l'entraîna vers le buffet''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To draw (someone) into, influence: ''se laisser entraîner''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To bring about, [[m|en|entail]]: ''cela entraîne des frais''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|train]], coach (an athlete, a team, a horse).^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''S'entraîner'': to train, practise.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[entraînement]]

+ * [[entraîneur]]

+ * [[entraînable]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[traîner]]

+ * [[train]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}