bande French · revision 17035

+ {{homograph|1|strip}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=first half of the 12th century (bende)|origins=frk *binda}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /bɑ̃d/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''bande''' ''f'' (plural bandes)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''bende'' (1100–1150), then ''bande'' (1165–1170).^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The strip is [[bor|frk|*binda|t=band, tie]].^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|15/1, 111a) Rey prefers an early borrowing from a general Germanic “*bindō-”, perhaps through the fur trade, rather than from Frankish, given its age across the Romance languages: [[pro|banda]] in the 12th century, [[it|benda]] in the 13th.^(DHLF 1992) It belongs with the verb seen in [[ang|bindan|t=to bind]] and [[goh|bintan]], from [[ine-pro|*bʰendʰ-|t=to bind]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It first named a ring or hoop of metal used to strengthen something (before 1150), a sense still used by wheelwrights.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Very soon it was defined by its shape: a long narrow piece of soft material for bandaging, edging or binding (1165–1170), and in heraldry a band crossing the shield (about 1175): ''trois bandes d'or''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) The cushion of a billiard table is a ''bande'' from 1740, whence ''prendre par la bande'' “to approach indirectly” (about 1950).^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)

+

+ A long narrow strip of land is recorded about 1811, as in ''la bande de Gaza''; in the 19th and 20th centuries came the frequency band (1882), the film reel and the magnetic tape.^(DHLF 1992) ''Bande dessinée'' is found with certainty in 1940 and spread in 1949–1950, translating English ''comic strip''; it is shortened to ''BD'' (1966).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 1150 – ''Bende'', a metal hoop.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1165–1170 – A strip of cloth.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1175 – A heraldic bend.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1740 – The cushion of a billiard table.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1811 – A strip of land.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1882 – A frequency band.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1940 – ''Bande dessinée''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A strip, a [[m|en|band]] of cloth, paper or other material: ''bande de papier''; a [[m|en|bandage]]: ''bande Velpeau''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A stripe; a long narrow area: ''bande de terrain'', ''la bande de Gaza''; a lane: ''bande d'arrêt d'urgence''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # A tape or film: ''bande magnétique'', ''bande sonore'', ''bande-annonce''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Bande dessinée'': a [[m|en|comic strip]], comics.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(billiards)'' The cushion, ''par la bande'', indirectly.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(heraldry)'' A [[m|en|bend]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(physics)'' A band of frequencies.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bandeau]]

+ * [[bander]]

+ * [[bandage]]

+ * [[plate-bande]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|group, gang}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=1360 (bende)|origins=pro banda}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /bɑ̃d/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''bande''' ''f'' (plural bandes)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The group is [[bor|pro|banda|t=troop, company]], a word of Germanic origin.^(DHLF 1992) Rey thinks of [[got|𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰|tr=bandwa|t=sign]], found in Medieval Latin as “bandum” “banner” (about 675), the Provençal feminine coming from the neuter plural “banda”; the sense passed from “standard” to the troop gathered under it.^(DHLF 1992)^(REW 1935) The Grand Robert and the Petit Robert derive it from [[it|banda]], but Rey notes that the Italian word appears only in Machiavelli, too late.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992) Littré connected it with [[de|Band]] “band, tie”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is recorded in 1360 as ''bende'', for a body of soldiers under one banner and one leader, Anglo-Norman has ''bande'' “band, troop” in the early 14th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(AND)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a party or faction about 1460, and, from 1509 any group of people.^(DHLF 1992) The word is often pejorative, as in ''bande de voleurs'' (1718), and ''bande de…'' followed by an insult; today it is used of violent urban gangs (''une bande de jeunes'').^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) It was also a band of musicians (1669), and in Haitian French a band of strolling players.^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) ''Faire bande à part'' dates from 1601.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ In Quebec a ''bande'' is a legally recognised First Nations community with its own territory (''conseil de bande'').^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1360 – ''Bende'', a troop of soldiers.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1460 – A faction.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1509 – Any group of people.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1601 – ''Faire bande à part''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1669 – A band of musicians.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1718 – ''Bande de voleurs''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A group of people, a [[m|en|gang]]: ''bande de malfaiteurs'', ''une bande d'amis'', ''faire bande à part'', to keep to oneself.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(pejorative)'' A pack: ''bande d'idiots !''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # An armed band: ''bandes armées''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A pack or flock of animals.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Quebec)'' A First Nations band.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[débander]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A third ''bande'', a sailors' word for the side of a ship (1515–1522) and its list (''donner de la bande'', 1773), comes from Old Provençal ''banda'' “side, edge”; the TLFi thinks this word was itself probably taken from Old French ''bende'', the strip.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}