crever French · revision 17022

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 10th century, Vie de saint Léger|origins=la crepō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kʁə.ve/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''crever'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|crever]], [[inh|la|crepō|t=to rattle, crack, burst]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|2, 1316b) The Latin verb belongs to an expressive group built on the sound “kr-”, as in [[grc|κράζω|tr=krázō|t=to cry]]; it was said of anything that splits or bursts noisily, and in late popular Latin of living beings that die.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) The idea of noise has disappeared in French but survives in [[crépiter]], from the frequentative.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ Cognate with [[ro|crăpa]], [[it|crepare]], [[oc|crebar]], [[ca|crebar]], [[es|quebrar|t=to break]] and [[pt|quebrar]]; the familiar sense “to die” is shared with the Italian and Romanian words.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Léger'' (late 10th century) has ''lis ols crever'', to put out his eyes.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Wace uses it intransitively for dying (1130–1140) and for bursting (1155), and transitively for killing (1160–1170).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In Old French ''crever'' of a person only implied a violent death; it became familiar in the 17th century while still poetic, and since the early 19th century it is pejorative and aggressive, as in ''crever la paillasse à qqn'' (1808).^(DHLF 1992) Until the 17th century the dawn could ''crever'', break: ''L'aube creva, si prist à ajourner''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ''Crever d'ire'' “to burst with anger” is in Gautier de Coinci (about 1223) and ''crever d'en rire'' in d'Aubigné (before 1630), now felt as “to die laughing”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Faire crever un cheval'' dates from 1613, ''se crever'' “to wear oneself out” from 1680, ''crevant'' “exhausting” from 1876 and “hilarious” from 1880; a ''petit crevé'' was a dandy (1867).^(TLFi) ''Crever les yeux'' “to be obvious” and the puncture of a tyre are modern uses.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * late 10th century – ''Lis ols crever'', ''Vie de saint Léger''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1130–1140 – “To die”, Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1155 – “To burst”, Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1223 – ''D'ire crever'', Gautier de Coinci.^(TLFi)

+ * 1554 – “To stuff with food”, Calvin.^(TLFi)

+ * 1680 – ''Se crever'' “to wear oneself out”, Richelet.^(TLFi)

+ * 1808 – ''Crever la paillasse à qqn''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1880 – ''Crevant'' “hilarious”, Zola.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|burst]], split open: ''le ballon a crevé'', ''un abcès qui crève''; to have a [[m|en|puncture]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To burst, puncture: ''crever un pneu'', ''crever les yeux'', to be glaringly obvious.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(familiar)'' To die (of animals; vulgarly of people): ''crever de faim'', ''crever de rire''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(familiar)'' To wear out, exhaust: ''ce travail me crève'', ''se crever'', to work oneself to death.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Crever de…'': to be bursting with: ''crever d'envie, de jalousie''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(slang)'' ''Crever la dalle'': to be starving.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[crevaison]]

+ * [[crevant]]

+ * [[crevasse]]

+ * [[crève-cœur]]

+ * [[increvable]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[crépiter]]

+ * [[décrépit]]

+ * [[la|crepō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}