santé French · revision 17015

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 10th century, Passion de Clermont (sanitad)|origins=la sānus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sɑ̃.te/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''santé''' ''f'' (plural santés)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Sanitad'' (about 980), ''santet'' (about 1050), ''santé'' (about 1145, Wace).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|santé]], [[inh|la|sānitās|t=health of body and mind]] (accusative [[m|la|sānitās|alt=sānitātem]]), from [[m|la|sānus|t=healthy]], the source of [[sain]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|11, 184b)^(Wiktionary) The Latin word had also been taken over in a learned form, [[m|fro|sanitad]] (about 980), later [[m|fro|saniteit]] and [[m|fro|sanité]], the last still found in some dictionaries in the 19th century.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Cognate with [[oc|sanitat]], [[es|sanidad]] and [[it|sanità]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Clermont ''Passion'' (late 10th century) has ''sanitad'' for the good physical state of a living being; the ''Vie de saint Alexis'' has ''sanctet'' (about 1050) and Wace ''santé'' (about 1145).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense widened to the more or less good working of the body: ''en bonne santé'' (about 1274, Adenet le Roi), ''mauvaise santé'' and ''petite santé'' (1636, Monet), ''santé de fer'' (early 18th century).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From about 1215 it was also the balance of the soul and mind (''santé de l'âme'', Montaigne, ''santé mentale'', 1946), and, from 1588 the sound state of a thing, such as a state or its finances.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Drinking to someone's health gave ''à vos santés'' (1628), ''boire à la santé de quelqu'un'' (1636), ''santé'' “a toast” (1629) and the interjection ''santé !'' (1781).^(TLFi) Familiar French has ''en avoir une santé'' “to have a nerve” (1894, Courteline).^(TLFi)^(BHVF) Public health gave ''officier de santé'' and, in 1871, ''corps de santé''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – ''Sanitad'', Clermont ''Passion''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1145 – ''Santé'', Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1274 – ''En bonne santé'', Adenet le Roi.^(TLFi)

+ * 1588 – The good state of a thing (''la santé d'un estat''), Montaigne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1636 – ''Boire à la santé de quelqu'un'' and ''petite santé'', Monet.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1781 – The interjection ''santé !''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1894 – ''En avoir une santé'' “to have a nerve”, Courteline.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|health]], the good working of the body: ''être en bonne santé'', ''respirer la santé''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The state of the body, good or bad: ''une santé fragile'', ''comment va la santé ?''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # Mental or moral balance: ''santé mentale'', ''santé de l'esprit''.^(TLFi)

+ # Public health and the services that care for it: ''ministère de la Santé'', ''santé publique''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # The sound state of a thing: ''la santé de l'économie''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Boire à la santé de quelqu'un'': to drink someone's health.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ===Interjection===

+ # ''Santé !, à votre santé !'': [[m|en|cheers]]!^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sain]]

+ * [[sanitaire]]

+ * [[la|sānitās]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}