banque French · revision 16980

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1458, letters of Louis XI|origins=gem-pro *bankiz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /bɑ̃k/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''banque''' ''f'' (plural banques)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|it|banca|t=bench; money-changer's counter]] (1458),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) which in Italian had come to mean the changer's table in the 14th century and, by extension, the lending house in the 15th.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992) It has the same origin as [[banco]] and [[banc]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Wiktionary traces the Italian word to [[goh|bank|t=bench, counter]], from [[gmw-pro|*banki]], from [[gem-pro|*bankiz|t=bench, counter]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in the letters of Louis XI (1458).^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word came in when France, after Italy and Flanders, was learning commercial and financial practice; it has kept its basic sense since the money-changer's counter (compare [[banqueroute]]), while the institutions it names grew larger and more complex from the 19th century.^(DHLF 1992) It took the usual metonymic senses: the bank's building and staff, banks as a whole, and banking as a trade (''être dans la banque'').^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) The derivative [[banquier]] dates from 1549.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In a 16th-century account a Venetian quack is said to be ''tenant banque'' on Saint Mark's Square.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ In gaming (1680) it is the stake held by one player to pay the winners, as in ''tenir la banque'' and ''faire sauter la banque''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In the 20th century it took from [[en|bank]] the sense “store made available to the public”: ''banque de lait humain'' (1947), calqued on English ''Human Milk Bank'', and ''banque du sang'' (1948), after ''blood bank''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1458 – First record, in the letters of Louis XI.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1549 – ''Banquier''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1680 – A gaming term.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1947 – ''Banque de lait humain''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1948 – ''Banque du sang''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|banking|alt=Banking]], the trade in money and credit: ''les opérations de banque'', ''être dans la banque''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # A [[m|en|bank]], an institution that holds deposits and grants credit: ''avoir un compte en banque'', ''la Banque de France'', ''billet de banque'', banknote.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(gambling)'' The bank, the stake held by the banker: ''faire sauter la banque''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # A store kept available for use: ''banque du sang'', ''banque des yeux'', ''banque de données'', a [[m|en|database|alt=data bank]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[débanquer]]

+ * [[banquier]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[banc]]

+ * [[banco]]

+ * [[banqueroute]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate noun ''banque'', the feminine form of [[banc]], is a technical word (recorded from 1549 and before 1615).^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}