camion French · revision 16979

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=1352, Latin–French glossary}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ka.mjɔ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ka.mi.jɔ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Toulouse): /ka.mi.ɔŋ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''camion''' ''m'' (plural camions)^(Wiktionary)

+ Earliest forms ''chamion'' and ''camion'' (1352); ''gomion'' in a 15th-century text.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is unknown.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873)^(FEW|23, 68b) A link with the stem of [[oc|caminar|t=to travel]] (see [[chemin]]) is difficult in its form, and so is one with [[la-lat|chamulcus|t=low wagon]], from [[grc|χαμουλκός|tr=khamoulkós]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Pierre Guiraud, noting that its technical senses all suggest smallness (a small cart, a small pin, a pot), took it for a form of ⟨chat-mion⟩ “little cat”, ingeniously but without proof.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Littré reports that Corblet called it a Picard word, and wondered whether the Late Latin words for a cart, [[m|la-lat|campolus]] and [[m|la-lat|camuleus]], contain the stem of [[la|cama|t=low bed]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A Latin–French glossary of 1352 has ''chamion'', ''camion'' “a kind of cart”.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1564 it named a small wheelless vehicle in which the vinegar makers of Paris dragged their lees, by 1680 a cart for goods (Richelet) and in 1751 a four-wheeled wagon for heavy loads (''Encyclopédie'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From 1915 it is the heavy motor vehicle, first as ''camions-autos'' (Joffre) and ''camions automobiles'' (Barbusse, 1916), then alone and in compounds such as ''camion-citerne'' and ''camion-benne''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The familiar ''beau comme un camion'' “very handsome” is in René Fallet (1955).^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)

+

+ Bloch and Wartburg date [[camionneur]] to 1554, other sources to 1819; it first named a draught horse for the cart.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) [[camionner]] and ''camionnage'' are from 1829, and [[camionnette]], formed after ''voiturette'', from the end of the 19th century.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1352 – ''Chamion'', ''camion'' “a kind of cart”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1554 – ''Camionneur'', according to Bloch and Wartburg.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1564 – The vinegar makers' sledge.^(TLFi)

+ * 1680 – A cart for goods, in Richelet.^(TLFi)

+ * 1751 – A four-wheeled wagon, in the ''Encyclopédie''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1829 – ''Camionner'', ''camionnage''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1915 – ''Camions-autos'', motor lorries.^(TLFi)

+ * 1955 – ''Beau comme un camion''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(formerly)'' A low four-wheeled [[m|en|wagon]] for heavy goods.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # A [[m|en|lorry]], [[m|en|truck]]: ''camion de déménagement'', ''camion-citerne'', a tanker.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A pot in which a house painter mixes paint.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Beau comme un camion'' ''(familiar)'': very handsome.^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[camionner]]

+ * [[camionnette]]

+ * [[camionneur]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate noun ''camion'', a very small pin used in lacemaking, is recorded from 1564 (''gamyon'', 1496) and is of unknown origin.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}