dessiner French · revision 16973

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1529, Geoffroy Tory, Champfleury|origins=la signum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /de.si.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dessiner'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Middle French [[m|frm|designer]] (1529), [[m|frm|desseigner]] (1552, but older) and [[m|frm|dessigner]] (1556); ''dessiner'' from 1664 (Pomey).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Desseigner'' and ''dessigner'' were still listed by the Trévoux dictionary in 1771.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a remaking of [[m|frm|desseigner]], [[bor|it|disegnare|t=to draw; to plan]] (13th century, figuratively from the 14th, Petrarch),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) from [[la|dēsignō|t=to mark out, trace; to designate]],^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005) a verb of the family of [[m|la|signum|t=sign]].^(Petit Robert 2007) The Italian verb was adapted on the model of [[enseigner]]; the variant [[m|frm|dessigner]] is due to the influence of the Latin word.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The modern form was made after [[dessin]], on the model of pairs such as [[chagrin]] / [[chagriner]], and helped by the change of the group /ɲ/ to /n/ in pronunciation: in the 17th century [[digne]] and [[signe]] often rhymed with words in ⟨-ine⟩.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The Grand Robert dates both older forms to 1459.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ It is a doublet of [[désigner]].^(Wiktionary)^(Littré 1873) The Italian verb also gave [[pt|desenhar]].^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Geoffroy Tory's ''Champfleury'' (1529) has ''designer'' “to trace the outline of something”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Throughout the 16th century the verb also had the figurative sense, taken from Italian, “to plan, intend”;^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Ronsard uses ''desseigner'' figuratively in 1552.^(TLFi) That sense survives only in [[dessein]], while [[dessin]] kept the graphic one: the two nouns were specialized only at the end of the 18th century, and the Académie admitted ''dessin'' only in 1798.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) [[dessinateur]] (1667) follows Italian ''disegnatore''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ The modern verb is recorded by Pomey in 1664 for drawing on paper.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) The pronominal ''se dessiner'' “to take shape, become distinct” is in a French edition of Casanova's memoirs in 1863.^(BHVF)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1529 – ''Designer'' in Geoffroy Tory.^(TLFi)

+ * 1552 – ''Desseigner'', figuratively, in Ronsard.^(TLFi)

+ * 1556 – ''Dessigner''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1664 – ''Dessiner'' (Pomey).^(TLFi)

+ * 1667 – ''Dessinateur''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1771 – Last listing of ''desseigner'' and ''dessigner'' (Trévoux).^(TLFi)

+ * 1798 – The Académie admits ''dessin''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1863 – ''Se dessiner'' “to take shape”.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|draw]], to represent by drawing: ''dessiner un paysage'', ''dessiner au crayon, à la plume''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|design]], to draw up plans for.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To outline, bring out the shape of.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Se dessiner'': to take shape, become distinct, appear gradually.^(Wiktionary)^(BHVF)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dessin]]

+ * [[dessinateur]]

+ * [[redessiner]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dessein]]

+ * [[désigner]]

+ * [[bande dessinée]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}