stupide French · revision 16963

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1377, Bernard de Gordon, Pratique|origins=la stupeo}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sty.pid/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''stupide''' (plural stupides)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|stupidus|t=stunned, dumbfounded; motionless, in a trance]],^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|12, 314a) from [[m|la|stupeō|t=to be numb; to be struck motionless]],^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary) also the source of [[stupeur]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The French translation of Bernard de Gordon's ''Pratique'' (1377) uses it in medicine for “deprived of bodily movement”, numb.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Rabelais uses it for a kind of mental numbness (1534),^(TLFi) and Paré speaks of a ''chair stupide'', flesh with little or no feeling.^(Littré 1873) The sense “unintelligent, dull” is in Montaigne (1588), according to the TLFi, and in Rabelais (1552), according to the GLLF;^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) the Grand Robert and the Petit Robert date the word's general use to 1599.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007) It was used as a noun by Molière (1666) and Scarron (1651), and of things, “absurd, senseless”, by Guez de Balzac (1654).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) The old sense “stunned by astonishment” is now literary.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1377 – Medical “numb”, in Bernard de Gordon.^(TLFi)

+ * 1534 – Mental numbness, in Rabelais.^(TLFi)

+ * 1588 – “Unintelligent”, in Montaigne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1654 – “Absurd”, in Guez de Balzac.^(TLFi)

+ * 1666 – As a noun, in Molière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1694 – Recorded by the Académie.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|stupid|alt=Stupid]], unintelligent, dull: ''La jeune recrue avait l'air tout à fait stupide.''^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of a thing, absurd, senseless.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(literary or dated)'' Dumbfounded, struck with [[m|en|stupor]]: ''stupide de surprise''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[stupidement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stupidité]]

+ * [[stupeur]]

+ * [[stupéfait]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}