récupérer French · revision 16960

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=early 14th century, Aimé du Mont-Cassin|origins=la recupero}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁe.ky.pe.ʁe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''récupérer'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|recuperō|t=to regain, recover possession of]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|10, 167a) the Latin verb whose inherited outcome is [[recouvrer]], a doublet.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)^(Wiktionary) The GLLF relates it to [[m|la|recipiō|t=to take back, receive]].^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first used as ''soi recuperer'' “to take refuge” in the French ''Histoire des Normands'' of Aimé du Mont-Cassin (late 13th or early 14th century);^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) the sense “to regain possession of something” appears about 1495, in Jean de Vignay's ''Miroir historial''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word was absent from dictionaries until the Académie of 1762 and seems still rare in the 19th century, when ''se récupérer'' “to recoup one's losses” appears.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) It became common again in the 20th century.^(DHLF 1992) With ''santé'' or ''forces'' it took the place of ''recouvrer'' in everyday use (1936, Roger Martin du Gard), and used alone it is a little older (1897); in sport it is “to recover one's strength”.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(BHVF) It also came to mean “to make up (lost working time)” (1939) and “to collect for reuse”, probably first in 1940 of the metals needed for the war effort.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ With a person as object it is familiar for “to get (someone) back, pick up” (1922).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) More recently it means “to rehabilitate (someone) into working life”, and in politics, from 1966, “to take over (a movement, an idea) for one's own ends”.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) [[récupération]] is older than the verb, from 1356.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 14th century – ''Soi recuperer'' “to take refuge”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1356 – ''Récupération''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * c. 1495 – “To regain possession of”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1762 – First recorded by the Académie.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1897 – Absolute “to recover”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1922 – “To get (someone) back”.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1939 – Making up lost working time.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1966 – Political “to take over”.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To get back, [[m|en|recover]] (something lent or lost): ''récupérer ses affaires, un livre prêté''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To recover (one's strength, sleep); absolutely, to [[m|en|recuperate]]: ''Quelques jours de vacances pour récupérer.''^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To collect for reuse, to [[m|en|salvage]]; to [[m|en|reclaim]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make up (lost working time).^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(familiar)'' To pick up (someone): ''récupérer un enfant à la sortie de l'école''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To rehabilitate (someone).^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To take over, [[m|en|co-opt]] (an idea, a movement) for one's own ends.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[récupérable]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[récupération]]

+ * [[recouvrer]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}