lors French · revision 16951

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=la-lat illa hora}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /lɔʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lors'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|lur]] (about 1100), [[m|fro|lores]] (1119) and ''lors'' (about 1135).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|lores]], [[inh|la-lat|illā hōrā|t=at that hour]], an ablative of time made of [[m|la|illa|t=that]] and [[m|la|hōra|t=hour]] (compare [[heure]]);^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|4, 475a) its development parallels that of [[or]] “now”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The diphthong /ao/ passed through /au/ to /o/; the final ⟨e⟩ was lost because the word is unstressed, and an adverbial ⟨s⟩ was added.^(DHLF 1992) Littré instead took it from Old French ''l'ore'' “the hour”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) has ''lur'' “then, at that moment”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 17th century ''lors'' used alone almost went out of use in favour of [[alors]], a compound found from 1250 but rare until the 15th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) It survives in fixed phrases: the preposition ''lors de'' (1599), which Vaugelas thought inelegant; the adverbs ''dès lors'' (1225–1230, Guillaume de Lorris; causal from 1798), ''pour lors'' (14th century, “in that case” in La Bruyère, 1688) and ''depuis lors'' (1677); and the conjunctions ''dès lors que'' (Chrétien de Troyes, 1176–1181), ''lors que'' (about 1200) and ''lors même que'' (Fléchier, 1675).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ From ''lors que'' came [[lorsque]] (1454), long written separately; its /s/ came to be pronounced only late (''lorke'' in 1632).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Lur'' in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1119 – ''Lores'', in Philippe de Thaon.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1135 – ''Lors''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1176–1181 – ''Des lores que'', in Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * 1225–1230 – ''Dès lors''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1454 – ''Lorsque''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1599 – ''Lors de''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1677 – ''Depuis lors''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1688 – ''Pour lors'' “in that case”, in La Bruyère.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''(archaic)'' [[m|en|then|alt=Then]], at that time.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Lors de'': at the time of, during: ''lors de son mariage''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Depuis lors'': since then, ''dès lors'': from then on, and consequently, ''pour lors'': at that time, and in that case.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Dès lors que'': since, given that, ''lors même que'': even if.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[alors]]

+ * [[lorsque]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[heure]]

+ * [[or]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}