arrêt French · revision 16944

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=1175, Chrétien de Troyes|origins=la resto}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.ʁɛ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''arrêt''' ''m'' (plural arrêts)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|arest]] (1175).^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a deverbal noun from [[arrêter]],^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992) which continues [[la-vul|*arrestō]], formed with [[m|la|ad-]] and [[la|restō|t=to stay, stand still]], the source of [[rester]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Littré rejects a derivation from [[grc|ἀρεστόν|tr=arestón|t=resolution]], since the noun cannot be separated from the verb.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Compare [[pro|arrest]], [[es|arresto]] and [[it|arresto]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Chrétien de Troyes uses ''arest'' in 1175;^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) in the ''Roman de la Rose'' ''sans arrest'' means “without delay”.^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its old senses “delay” (12th to early 18th century) and “hindrance” (13th century) have died out, while “suspension of an action” (13th–16th centuries) revived in the 19th, and ''sans arrêt'' took the sense “constantly” (1939).^(DHLF 1992) By metonymy it named a halt or rest (1530), and of a dog that freezes at the scent of game ''de arrêt'' (1690), hence ''chien d'arrêt'' (1794) and ''être en arrêt'' “to be on the alert” (1919).^(DHLF 1992) It also became the place where a bus or coach stops; in Quebec ''arrêt'' replaces ''stop'' for the road sign.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ From “to fix” came devices that hold something still: in harness (1392), in sewing (1393), the safety catch of a firearm (1690) and the ''cran d'arrêt'' of a folding knife.^(DHLF 1992) From ''arrêter'' “to seize” it meant a seizure (13th century) and an arrest (late 14th century), now only in ''mandat d'arrêt'' and the military ''arrêts'' (about 1700).^(DHLF 1992) From the idea of decision (about 1350) comes the legal sense, the judgment of a sovereign court (14th century), and figuratively ''les arrêts du destin'' (early 17th century).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1175 – ''Arest'' in Chrétien de Troyes.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * c. 1350 – “Decision”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 14th century – The judgment of a sovereign court.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1530 – A halt.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1690 – Of a pointing dog; the safety catch of a gun.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1700 – Military ''arrêts''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1794 – ''Chien d'arrêt''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1890 – ''Arrêt buffet''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1939 – ''Sans arrêt'' “constantly”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|stop|alt=Stop]], halt, stopping: ''l'arrêt d'un train'', ''cinq minutes d'arrêt'', ''à l'arrêt'', stationary.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A stop where buses or trams pick up passengers: ''arrêt d'autobus''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An interruption: ''arrêt de travail'', a stoppage, also sick leave, ''arrêt cardiaque'', [[m|en|cardiac arrest]], ''sans arrêt'', constantly.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(law)'' A [[m|en|judgment]], ruling of a high court, ''arrêt de mort'', a death sentence.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Mandat d'arrêt'': an arrest warrant, ''(military)'' ''arrêts'' (plural), confinement to quarters: ''mettre aux arrêts''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(hunting)'' The pointing of a dog: ''chien d'arrêt'', a pointer, ''tomber en arrêt''.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # A stop, catch on a mechanism, ''cran d'arrêt'', a flick knife.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(football, hockey)'' A [[m|en|save]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[arrêter]]

+ * [[arrestation]]

+ * [[arrêté]]

+ * [[rester]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}