patient French · revision 16937

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1120, Psautier d'Oxford|origins=la patior}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pa.sjɑ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''patient''' (feminine patiente, masculine plural patients, feminine plural patientes)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|patiēns|t=enduring, long-suffering]], the present participle of [[m|la|patior|t=to suffer, endure]], used as an adjective;^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|8, 16b) the same verb gave [[pâtir]].^(GLLF 1989) [[patience]] was borrowed at the same time, about 1120.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Compare [[pro|patient]], [[es|paciente]] and [[it|paziente]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Oxford Psalter (first half of the 12th century) uses it of God, “who bears patiently with the faults of others”.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the second half of the 14th century it described someone who suffers adversity without complaint.^(TLFi) In philosophy Oresme (1370–1372) uses it for the one who undergoes an action, opposed to the one who acts (''le faisant et le pacient''), and the noun appears about 1380.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) It became the word for a sick person under a doctor's care in the 14th century: Oresme writes that the doctor will not advise ''se il garira son pacient''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) In a 15th-century case from Château-Thierry, greeting a man with ''Dieu gart ce paciant'' meant calling him a complaisant cuckold.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ From 1564 it also meant “persevering, untiring”, and, from 1617 (Aubigné) a ''patient'' was a man about to be executed.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)^(BHVF) The verb [[patienter]] dates from 1560.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1120 – ''Patient'' and ''patience'' in the Oxford Psalter.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi)

+ * 14th century – A sick person in a doctor's care.^(TLFi)

+ * 1370–1372 – “Who undergoes”, in Oresme.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1380 – As a noun.^(TLFi)

+ * 1560 – ''Patienter''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1564 – “Persevering”.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1617 – A condemned man, in Aubigné.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|patient|alt=Patient]], showing patience: ''professeur patient avec ses élèves''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Persevering, untiring; of work, requiring patience.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A patient, a person receiving medical care.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(dated)'' A condemned man about to be executed.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(philosophy, linguistics)'' The patient, the one who undergoes an action, as opposed to the agent.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[patienter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[patience]]

+ * [[pâtir]]

+ * [[passion]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}