cadavre French · revision 16919

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1550, Marguerite de Navarre|origins=la cadaver}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ka.davʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ka.dɑvʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cadavre''' ''m'' (plural cadavres)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Cadaver'' (before 1550; till 1637 according to Bloch and Wartburg); ''cadavre'' in the 16th-century ''Chronique bordelaise''.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|cadāver|t=dead body, corpse]], a word attested from the 3rd–2nd century BC.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The ancients rightly connected it with [[m|la|cadō|t=to fall; to perish]]; the ending is obscure.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Although old and common, the Latin word was sometimes avoided as too crude, in favour of [[m|la|corpus|t=body]] (see [[corps]]), and the Romance languages have it only in learned forms.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Marguerite de Navarre has ''cadaver'' before 1550 for the body of a dead man;^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) ''cadavre'' is found in the 16th-century ''Chronique bordelaise''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ French shares the Latin reluctance: [[corps]] is usually preferred, and ''cadavre'' is kept for anatomy, police contexts and metaphors.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Already in Latin, in Sulpicius Rufus, it was said of a ruined town, and so in Bossuet (before 1704); Jean-Baptiste Rousseau used it of a tree (before 1741).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Familiar French has ''cadavre ambulant'' “walking corpse”, a pale, emaciated person (1835), and ''cadavre'' for an emptied bottle (1901, Aristide Bruant).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The ''cadavre exquis'' (1927) is a surrealist game, named after the first sentence obtained by collective, random composition: ''le cadavre exquis boira le vin nouveau''.^(DHLF 1992) The derivatives are few: [[cadavéreux]] (1546, Rabelais) and [[cadavérique]] (1787).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 1550 – ''Cadaver'', in Marguerite de Navarre.^(TLFi)

+ * 16th century – ''Cadavre'', in the ''Chronique bordelaise''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1546 – ''Cadavéreux'', in Rabelais.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * before 1704 – Of a ruined town, in Bossuet.^(TLFi)

+ * 1787 – ''Cadavérique''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1835 – ''Cadavre ambulant''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1901 – An empty bottle, in Bruant.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1927 – The surrealist game ''cadavre exquis''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A dead body, [[m|en|corpse]], especially of a person or a large animal (a blunt word, often replaced by ''corps'').^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''Cadavre ambulant'': a pale, emaciated person.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(slang)'' An empty [[m|en|bottle]].^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Cadavre exquis'': the surrealist game of [[m|en|consequences]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cadavérique]]

+ * [[cadavéreux]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[corps]]

+ * [[la|cadāver]]

+ * [[la|cadō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}