vider French · revision 16918

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1120, Psautier d'Oxford|origins=la-vul *vocitus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /vi.de/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vider'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|voidier]] (about 1120), [[m|fro|vuidier]] (about 1130); ''vuider'' (about 1155) lasted into the 18th century;^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) ''vider'', found once in the 14th century, became the official spelling in 1762.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|vuidier]], [[inh|la-vul|*vocitō]], from [[m|la-vul|*vocitus|t=empty]] (see [[vide]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary connects these forms with [[la|vacuus|t=empty]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|votare]], [[pro|vojar]] and [[ca|buidar]].^(REW 1935)^(Littré 1873) Littré gives [[wa|vûdi]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Oxford Psalter (first half of the 12th century) has it figuratively, “to lay waste”: ''voidez desque al fundament'' “empty it to the foundations”, a sense lost in Middle French.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Vuidier les arçons'', ''la selle'' “to be unhorsed” (about 1130–1160) is still in use.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) Wace has it for clearing a place of its occupants (about 1155), and, from the 12th century it meant “to leave (a place)”, as in ''vuidier la ville''; the modern phrases ''vider les lieux'' (1690) and ''vider le plancher'' (1783) come from this.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The reflexive ''se vider'' meant to lose much blood or to relieve oneself (about 1190–1200).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ In law ''vuidier un dit'' (1313) meant to pronounce a judgement, whence ''vider une querelle'' “to settle a quarrel”.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The concrete sense “to empty (a vessel) by pouring out its contents” is from 1280, and ''vider son cœur'' “to pour out one's heart” from about 1368.^(TLFi) Huysmans uses it in 1879 for throwing someone out, the sense behind [[videur]] “bouncer”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1120 – ''Voidier'' “to lay waste”, in the Oxford Psalter.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1155 – “To clear (a place)”, in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1160 – ''Voidier selles'' “to be unhorsed”, in the ''Roman d'Eneas''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1280 – “To empty (a vessel)”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1313 – ''Vuidier un dit'' “to pronounce judgement”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – ''Vider les lieux'', in Furetière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1762 – The Académie adopts the spelling ''vider''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1879 – “To throw (someone) out”, in Huysmans.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|empty]] (a container) of its contents: ''vider ses poches'', ''vider une bouteille'', to drink it up.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To take out, pour out (the contents of a vessel).^(TLFi)

+ # To clean out (a fish, a chicken), [[m|en|gut]].^(Wiktionary)

+ # To leave (a place): ''vider les lieux''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(familiar)'' To throw out, expel (someone); to [[m|en|fire]].^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(familiar)'' To exhaust, wear out: ''ce travail l'a vidé''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To settle (a quarrel, a question): ''vider une querelle''.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Vider son sac'': to get something off one's chest, ''vider les arçons'', to be thrown from one's horse.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dévider]]

+ * [[vidage]]

+ * [[vide-grenier]]

+ * [[vide-poches]]

+ * [[videur]]

+ * [[vidoir]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vidange]]

+ * [[vide]]

+ * [[la-vul|*vocitus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}