zone French · revision 16889

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1119, Philippe de Thaon, Comput|origins=grc ζώννυμι}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /zon/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''zone''' ''f'' (plural zones)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|zōna|t=belt, girdle; climatic zone]], which is [[bor|grc|ζώνη|tr=zṓnē|t=belt, girdle; zone]], from [[m|grc|ζώννυμι|tr=zṓnnumi|t=to gird]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873) In Late Latin medicine the word also named a disease, whence [[zona]] “shingles”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Philippe de Thaon's ''Comput'' (1119) uses it for each of the five great divisions of the globe, separated by circles parallel to the equator, corresponding to the main climates.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Rare before the 16th century, and still thought learned and pedantic in the 17th, it was taken up at the Renaissance in geography: ''zone torride'' (1546–1552), ''zone tempérée'' and ''froide'' (1562), ''zone glaciale'' (1680).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Oresme (about 1366) uses it for a part of the celestial sphere between two parallel circles.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) The original Greek sense “belt” was borrowed again in the 14th century and used by Chateaubriand as an archaism (1797).^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ From 1587 it meant a region, and, from the middle of the 18th century any area with particular features, in geology and natural history (1752) and in geometry (1812).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) Military and political uses followed: ''zone de tir'' (1842), ''zone d'influence'' (1890), ''zone occupée'' and ''zone libre'' (1940).^(DHLF 1992) Early in the 20th century ''la zone'' named the shanty belt on the glacis of the old fortifications of Paris, then any poor suburb (1932), whence [[zonard]];^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) ''zone industrielle'' dates from 1941 and ''zone bleue'' from 1957.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1119 – A climatic zone of the globe, in Philippe de Thaon.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1366 – A zone of the celestial sphere, in Oresme.^(TLFi)

+ * 1546 – ''Zone torride'', in Rabelais.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1587 – “Region”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1752 – In geology and natural history.^(TLFi)

+ * 1842 – ''Zone de tir''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1890 – ''Zone d'influence''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1932 – ''Zone'' “a poor suburb”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1941 – ''Zone industrielle''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(geography)'' Each of the five climatic belts of the globe: ''zones tempérées'', ''zone tropicale''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|zone]], an area with particular features or rules: ''zone industrielle'', ''zone franche''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(military, politics)'' ''Zone d'influence'', ''zone occupée'', ''zone libre'' (1940–1942).^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(geometry)'' The part of a sphere between two parallel planes.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''La zone'': a poor, run-down suburb, originally the belt outside the old fortifications of Paris.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''De seconde zone'': second-rate.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[zonard]]

+ * [[zoner]]

+ * [[zonier]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[zona]]

+ * [[grc|ζώνη|tr=zṓnē]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}