respect French · revision 16881

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1287, documents of the Archives du Doubs|origins=la specio}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁɛs.pɛ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''respect''' ''m'' (plural respects)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|respectus|t=a looking back; regard, consideration; refuge]], the action noun of [[m|la|respiciō|t=to look back; to take into account]], from [[m|la|re-|t=back]] and [[m|la|speciō|t=to look]] (see [[spectacle]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873) [[répit]] “respite” is the inherited doublet, from the sense “recourse, refuge”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ The Latin word also gave [[pro|respieit]], [[ca|respecte]], [[es|respeto]], [[pt|respeito]] and [[it|rispetto]].^(Littré 1873)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A document of 1287 has ''a respect de'' in the sense “in consideration of”, the taking of something into account.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The old sense “regard, point of view, motive”, as in ''au respect de'' “with regard to, compared with” (16th century), went out of use at the end of the 17th century; it lives on in [[en|respect]], borrowed in the 14th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In Middle French it also meant a due paid to churches (1374), such as ''le respect de S. Firmin'' at Amiens.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ The modern senses grew out of the old one in the 16th century, a development peculiar to French and Old Occitan (1455): the feeling that leads one to treat someone with the regard due to age, rank or merit (before 1540, Amyot, 1559).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) It entered formulas of politeness: ''sauf votre respect'' (1636), ''sauf le respect que je vous dois'' (1690), ''avec le respect que je vous dois'' (1718), and the plural ''mes respects'' (1580).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) ''Respect humain'', fear of others' judgement, is in Corneille (1651), and ''manquer de respect à une femme'' in Mme de Sévigné (1671).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) At the end of the 17th century it came to mean regard for a law or rule, an attitude of not infringing it (Bourdaloue).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1287 – ''A respect de'' “in consideration of”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1374 – A due paid to churches.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * before 1540 – “Deference”, in Roger de Collerye.^(TLFi)

+ * 1580 – The plural ''respects'', in Montaigne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1636 – ''Sauf votre respect'', in Monet.^(TLFi)

+ * 1651 – ''Respect humain'', in Corneille.^(TLFi)

+ * 1671 – ''Manquer de respect à une femme'', in Mme de Sévigné.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * late 17th century – Respect for a law, in Bourdaloue.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|respect|alt=Respect]], deference, esteem felt for someone: ''inspirer le respect'', ''manquer de respect à quelqu'un''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(plural)'' Respects, marks of deference: ''présenter ses respects''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # Regard for a rule, a law or a thing, the care not to infringe it: ''le respect des lois''.^(TLFi)

+ # ''Respect humain'': fear of what others will think.^(TLFi)

+ # ''Sauf votre respect'', ''sauf le respect que je vous dois'': with all due respect.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Tenir quelqu'un en respect'': to keep someone at a distance, at bay.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(archaic)'' ''Au respect de'': with regard to, compared with.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[respecter]]

+ * [[respectable]]

+ * [[respectueux]]

+ * [[irrespect]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[répit]]

+ * [[spectacle]]

+ * [[la|respectus]]

+ * [[en|respect]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}