valise French · revision 16839

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1558, Du Bellay, Les Regrets|origins=la-med valisia}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /va.liz/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''valise''' ''f'' (plural valises)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|it|valigia|t=small trunk]], recorded in Italian from the 14th century (Boccaccio), from [[la-med|valisia]] (13th–14th centuries, in documents from Italy).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) The further origin is uncertain.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Because the word spread from northern Italy, Bloch and Wartburg think a Gaulish source likely and propose a derivative of a stem [[xtg|*val-|t=to surround]],^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(FEW|23, 110b) which the TLFi also mentions as possible.^(TLFi) Others have compared [[ar|وَلِيهَة|tr=walīha|t=sack of grain]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary) and Pierre Guiraud posits [[la-vul|*vallitia]], formed on [[la|vallō|t=to protect]], the case “protecting” its contents.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Littré reports Diez's derivation from [[m|la|vīdulus|t=travelling bag]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Wiktionary instead treats the word as inherited from Middle French and calls the Italian route doubtful.^(Wiktionary) The Medieval Latin word also gave [[gmh|velis]], whence [[de|Felleisen]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Compare [[es|valija]].^(Wiktionary)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Du Bellay uses it in ''Les Regrets'' (1558);^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) it then named a long leather bag carried on horseback behind the saddle.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Olivier de Magny's ''Odes'' have ''ma valise'' in 1559.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Rey notes that the word was probably in use before its first record, as the derivative [[dévaliser]] (1555) suggests.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) As the object changed shape it became a rectangular, fairly rigid piece of hand luggage, distinct from the bag (1876).^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) ''Valise diplomatique'' (1872) is the correspondence and objects covered by diplomatic immunity, and by extension the bag that carries them.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Figuratively ''faire ses valises'' means “to leave” (1935, Sartre, 1945), whence the familiar ''se faire la valise'' “to clear off”.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) In sports slang of the 2000s ''prendre une valise'' is to be heavily beaten.^(DHLF 1992) In Quebec French it is often used, and criticized, for the boot of a car.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1558 – First record, in Du Bellay's ''Les Regrets''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1555 – The derivative [[dévaliser]] is recorded.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1694 – Recorded by the Académie.^(TLFi)

+ * 1872 – ''Valise diplomatique'', in Littré.^(TLFi)

+ * 1876 – The modern rectangular hand case.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * 1935 – ''Faire ses valises'' “to leave”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|suitcase]]: a rectangular piece of luggage carried by a handle, ''faire sa valise, ses valises'', to [[m|en|pack]], to get ready to leave.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Valise diplomatique'': the [[m|en|diplomatic bag]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(old)'' A long leather bag carried on horseback.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(figurative, chiefly plural)'' Bags under the eyes.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Quebec, criticized)'' The boot (trunk) of a car.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dévaliser]]

+ * [[mot-valise]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[malle]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}