destin French · revision 16834

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=c. 1160, Benoît de Sainte-Maure|origins=la dēstinō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /dɛs.tɛ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''destin''' ''m'' (plural destins)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a deverbal noun [[der|fr|destiner]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) That verb is [[bor|la|dēstinō|t=to fix, make fast; to determine]], which until the 17th century also meant “to decide, plan” in French.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Compare [[pro|desti]], [[es|destino]] and [[it|destino]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Benoît de Sainte-Maure (about 1160–65) uses it for a decision or plan: in the ''Roman de Troie'' ''senz nule autre hore de destin'' means “without taking time to decide”, at once.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1170 the same author uses it for the fortune of battle, victory or defeat, and by about 1200 the Châtelain de Coucy has it for fate, a person's lot: ''Et tel destin m'ont doné li felon''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) In Old French it could also mean “destination”, a sense Littré finds in Philippe Mousket.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ In the classical language ''le destin'' and ''les destins'' became the supreme power believed to fix the course of events, personified in mythology, as in Corneille's ''Des arrêts du destin l'ordre est invariable''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) The noun [[destinée]] (12th century), formed on the same verb, shares much of its range.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1160 – “Plan, decision”, Benoît de Sainte-Maure.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * 1170 – “Fortune, victory or defeat”, Benoît's ''Chronique des ducs de Normandie''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1200 – “Fate, one's lot”, the Châtelain de Coucy.^(TLFi)

+ * 13th century – “Destination”, Philippe Mousket.^(Littré 1873)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1694 – Recorded by the Académie.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|fate]], [[m|en|destiny]]: the power believed to fix the course of events irrevocably, ''le Destin'', its personification.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # The course of a life, a person's lot or fortune: ''un destin tragique''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The future or outcome of a thing.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[destiner]]

+ * [[destinée]]

+ * [[destination]]

+ * [[destinataire]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}