produire French · revision 16826

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1340, charter of Lille (law)|origins=la dūcō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pʁɔ.dɥiʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''produire'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|prōdūcō|t=to lead forward; to bring out; to cause; to extend; to rear]], remade on the model of verbs such as [[conduire]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) The Latin verb is formed from [[m|la|prō-|t=forward]] and [[m|la|dūcō|t=to lead]], which gave Old French [[duire]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) For the sense “to cause”, the TLFi points also to the Medieval Latin phrase [[m|la-med|effectum producere]] (1350).^(TLFi)

+

+ Cognate with [[pro|produire]], [[ca|produir]], [[es|producir]] and [[it|producere]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It first appears in law (1340, a Lille charter in the ''Livre Roisin'') for “to present a document, a supporting paper”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From law it took the general sense “to present, make known” (about 1465), now almost out of use except for presenting an artist, and ''se produire'' “to show oneself” (Montaigne, 1580), still said of a performer appearing in public (1748).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Middle French briefly took back the Latin sense “to lead” (about 1380).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ In Oresme (about 1375–77) it means “to cause, bring about” and “to create a work”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Later centuries specialized this: of the earth or a plant, “to bear, yield” (1486); of a living being, “to beget” (1549, now obsolete); of a maker, “to manufacture” (Ronsard, 1555); of a thing, “to bring in an income” (1690).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Se produire'' “to happen” is in Ronsard (1552), with an impersonal use in Diderot (1784).^(TLFi) In 1906 it is used of films.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1340 – Legal sense “to present a document”.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1375 – “To cause”, Oresme.^(TLFi)

+ * 1442 – [[producteur]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1486 – “To yield”, Jean Molinet.^(TLFi)

+ * 1552 – ''Se produire'' “to happen”, Ronsard.^(TLFi)

+ * 1555 – “To manufacture”, Ronsard.^(TLFi)

+ * 1580 – ''Se produire'' “to show oneself”, Montaigne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1906 – Film production.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(law, administration)'' To present, show: ''produire un certificat, des témoins''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To [[m|en|produce]], bring into being; to [[m|en|yield]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # To make, manufacture.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # To create a work.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To cause, bring about.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To bring in, yield an income.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(cinema, broadcasting)'' To finance a film or programme.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Se produire'': to happen, occur; of an artist, to [[m|en|perform]], appear in public.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[produit]]

+ * [[producteur]]

+ * [[productif]]

+ * [[production]]

+ * [[productivité]]

+ * [[reproduire]]

+ * [[surproduction]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[productible]]

+ * [[conduire]]

+ * [[duire]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}