attacher French · revision 16818

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=frk *stakka}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.ta.ʃe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''attacher'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is not entirely clear.^(DHLF 1992) The usual explanation is a change of prefix from Old French [[m|fro|estachier|t=to fasten, fix]] (early 13th century), a derivative of [[m|fro|estache|t=stake, post]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(FEW|17, 199b)^(Wiktionary) which appears in the very sentence of the Song of Roland that first has the verb: ''A une estache l'ont atachet cil serf''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) The intermediate sense must have been “to fix with a stake, tie to a post”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) That noun is [[der|frk|*stakka|t=stake]];^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Rey notes that the double consonant needed to explain it is unsolved, since the Germanic words used to reconstruct it have a single one.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Wiktionary instead gives [[got|*𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌺𐌺𐌰|tr=*stakka]], also the source of [[it|stacca]] and [[es|estaca]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Pierre Guiraud proposed instead [[la-vul|*attacticō|t=to lay hands on]], from [[m|la|attingō|t=to touch]], which would connect it with [[attaquer]], a word confused with it in the 16th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) That verb is in fact its doublet, borrowed from Italian.^(Wiktionary)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) has ''A une estache l'ont atachet cil serf'', “those serfs tied him to a stake”.^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Already in the 12th century it had the figurative sense “to bind by a tie” of constraint, duty, subjection or love, chiefly in the reflexive, in step with [[attachement]]; much later (1622) it meant “to join in the mind”.^(DHLF 1992) From the mid-17th century ''attacher quelqu'un à'' and ''s'attacher quelqu'un'' mean to take into one's service, whence the noun [[attaché]].^(DHLF 1992) ''S'attacher'' also means of a thing “to be joined to” (1574) and of a person ''s'attacher à faire'', “to apply oneself to”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Atachet'', ''Chanson de Roland''.^(Littré 1873)

+ * 12th century – Figurative “to bind by affection or duty”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1160 – The noun [[attache]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 13th century – [[attachement]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1574 – ''S'attacher'' of things.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1622 – “To join in the mind”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|tie]], fasten, [[m|en|attach]]: ''attacher une chèvre à un arbre'', ''attacher ses cheveux''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To bind by ties of affection or dependence, ''être attaché à'', to be attached to.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To attribute.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To take into one's service.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''S'attacher'': to fasten; to become fond of, ''s'attacher à faire'', to apply oneself to doing.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[attache]]

+ * [[attaché]]

+ * [[attachement]]

+ * [[rattacher]]

+ * [[rattachement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[taquet]]

+ * [[attaquer]]

+ * [[étai]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}