anniversaire French · revision 16804

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1160, Benoît de Sainte-Maure|origins=la annus, la vertō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.ni.vɛʁ.sɛʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec): [a.ni.vɛʁ.saɛ̯ʁ]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''anniversaire''' ''m'' (plural anniversaires)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|anniversārius|t=returning every year, annual]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|24, 609a)^(Wiktionary) a compound of [[m|la|annus|t=year]] (see [[an]]) and the past participle of [[m|la|vertō|t=to turn]] (see [[version]]), literally “where the year turns”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) In Church Latin the neuter was used as a noun, [[m|la-med|anniversārium]] (9th century), for the yearly commemoration of a death.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It appears in the 12th century, both as noun and adjective (Bloch and Wartburg); the GLLF dates the adjective to Benoît de Sainte-Maure (1160).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992) In religion the noun first named the Mass or ceremony held each year on the anniversary of a death, also called ''bout de l'an''; it was sometimes feminine (1423).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Jean de Meun's ''Testament'' mocks those for whom it is fitting ''faire anniversaires'', and Calvin speaks of founding anniversary Masses to wipe out the memory of misdeeds.^(Littré 1873) The noun then came to mean the return of any date a number of years after an event.^(DHLF 1992) Despite its learned form it became an everyday word because of the social custom of celebrating birthdays and anniversaries, and belongs to the language of festivity.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The adjective, taken again from classical Latin (1330, or 1556 according to the Grand Robert and the Petit Robert), stayed learned or religious, as in ''messe anniversaire''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007) Socially the noun competes with formations on round numbers such as [[cinquantenaire]] and [[centenaire]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 9th century – Medieval Latin ''anniversarium''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 12th century – First record in French.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1423 – Feminine use.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1556 – The adjective.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|birthday]]: ''joyeux anniversaire !'', ''bon anniversaire !''; familiar clipping ''anniv''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # An [[m|en|anniversary]]: ''le cinquantième anniversaire de leur mariage''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The commemoration of an event on its anniversary: ''l'anniversaire de la prise de la Bastille''.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Recalling an event on the same day in a previous year: ''jour, service anniversaire''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[anniv]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[année]]

+ * [[verser]]

+ * [[an]]

+ * [[version]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}