italien French · revision 16799

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation, borrowing|attested=c. 1265, Brunetto Latini (ytaliiens)|origins=la Italia}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /i.ta.ljɛ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''italien''' (feminine italienne, masculine plural italiens, feminine plural italiennes)^(Wiktionary)

+ First ''ytaliiens'' (about 1265); modern spelling in 1512.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Feminine ''italienne''; as a noun for a person, ''Italien'', ''Italienne''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is either derived from the name [[Italie]] or borrowed from [[it|italiano|t=Italian]] (first half of the 14th century, Dante), itself from [[m|it|Italia]], from [[la|Italia]];^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) the GLLF derives it from Italian.^(GLLF 1989) The Latin name comes from the name of the people of Italy.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Littré reports an old explanation of the Latin name as “the land of calves”, comparing [[la|vitulus|t=calf]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Brunetto Latini's ''Trésor'' (about 1265) has ''ytaliiens'' for the inhabitants of Italy;^(TLFi)^(BHVF) Commynes (about 1490) writes of ''mil hommes d'armes ytaliens''.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''L'italien'' for the language, the literary Tuscan, is recorded in 1512 (Lemaire de Belges).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The adjective is applied to persons from 1551 and to things from 1606, whence ''à l'italienne'' (La Noue, 1587).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) ''Italienne'' “a kind of handwriting” (1765) has disappeared, as have the 18th-century uses of the noun for a jealous man and for a sodomite (1718).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ''Les Italiens'' was the old Parisian theatre of the Italian comedians, the troupe that played the commedia dell'arte in Paris from 1659 to the end of the 18th century (Madame de Staël, 1786).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The verb [[italianiser]] reflects the weight of Italian culture in 16th-century France.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1265 – ''Ytaliiens'', Brunetto Latini.^(TLFi)

+ * 1512 – The Italian language, Lemaire de Belges.^(TLFi)

+ * 1551 – Adjective of persons.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1566 – ''Italianizé''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1587 – ''À l'italienne'', La Noue.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1786 – ''Les Italiens'', the theatre.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|Italian|alt=Italian]], of Italy: ''la cuisine italienne'', ''à l'italienne'', in the Italian manner, ''format à l'italienne'', landscape format.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''L'italien'': the Italian language.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Un Italien, une Italienne'': an Italian.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(history)'' ''Les Italiens'': the Italian comedy theatre in Paris.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[italianiser]]

+ * [[italianisation]]

+ * [[italianisant]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Italie]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}