déclarer French · revision 16789

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1250, statutes of the leper house of Noyon|origins=la clārus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /de.kla.ʁe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''déclarer'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|dēclārō|t=to show clearly; to proclaim; to express]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|3, 25b)^(Wiktionary) formed from [[m|la|dē-]] with intensive force and [[m|la|clārō|t=to make clear]], from [[m|la|clārus|t=clear]] (see [[clair]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ Until the 16th century it also meant “to make clear, explain” (about 1350), under the influence of Old French [[m|fro|desclairier]] (about 1170), from [[la-vul|*disclāriō]]; that verb disappeared about the 15th century before [[éclairer]], after giving a hybrid [[m|frm|déclairer]], common in the 16th century and still alive in dialects.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Compare [[pro|declarar]], [[es|declarar]] and [[it|dichiarare]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The statutes of the leper house of Noyon (about 1250) have it for “to make known openly”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was used especially of feelings (''sentiments bien déclarés'', Molière, 1661).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The reflexive ''se déclarer'' “to show oneself openly” (Nicot, 1606) gave ''se déclarer pour'' or ''contre'' (Corneille, 1643), “to declare one's love” (1634 or 1661) and, of an illness, “to break out” (Madame de Sévigné, 1676).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) From the 16th century it means to state formally that something is so: ''déclarer quelqu'un roturier'' (Montaigne, 1580), ''ennemis déclarés'' (Amyot, 1559), ''déclarer la guerre'' (La Fontaine, 1668).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ With a thing as subject, “to reveal” (before 1540) is now archaic or literary.^(DHLF 1992) The noun [[déclaration]] (about 1200 or 1290) represents Latin ''declaratio''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1170 – The older verb ''desclairier''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1250 – “To make known”.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1350 – “To explain”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1559 – ''Ennemis déclarés'', Amyot.^(TLFi)

+ * 1606 – ''Se déclarer'', Nicot.^(TLFi)

+ * 1668 – ''Déclarer la guerre'', La Fontaine.^(TLFi)

+ * 1676 – Of an illness, Madame de Sévigné.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|declare]], make known, state openly: ''déclarer ses intentions, son amour''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To proclaim officially; with an attribute, to pronounce: ''déclarer quelqu'un coupable'', ''déclarer la séance ouverte'', ''déclarer la guerre''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Se déclarer'': to declare oneself; to declare one's love, ''se déclarer pour, contre'', to come out for, against.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Se déclarer'': of a fire or illness, to [[m|en|break out]].^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[déclarant]]

+ * [[déclaré]]

+ * [[déclaratoire]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[déclarable]]

+ * [[déclaratif]]

+ * [[déclaration]]

+ * [[clair]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}