amitié French · revision 16773

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=mid-11th century (amistet)|origins=la amīcus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.mi.tje/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''amitié''' ''f'' (plural amitiés)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|amistet]] (mid-11th century), then ''amistié'' (about 1170) and ''amitié'' (about 1330).^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|amistié]], [[inh|la-vul|*amīcitās|t=friendship]], an alteration of classical [[la|amīcitia]], derived from [[m|la|amīcus|t=friend]] (see [[ami]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(FEW|24, 440b)^(Wiktionary) The late derivative is not attested, but its existence is assured by the Romance forms.^(DHLF 1992) Littré notes that the classical word would have given a different form.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Compare [[ca|amistat]], [[es|amistad]] and [[pt|amizade]]; [[it|amistà]] comes from Occitan.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) has ''amistez'' and ''Par amistié, bel sire, la vous don'', “I give it to you in friendship, fair lord”: a feeling of goodwill.^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old French, as with ''ami'', the word covered goodwill (about 1050), filial, conjugal, charitable or religious affection, which modern French calls ''amour'' (about 1220), and erotic love (1170), a range it kept until the 18th century.^(DHLF 1992) It narrowed only as the strong erotic and sentimental values were eliminated, a step marked by the appearance of the adjective ''amical'' in the 18th century.^(DHLF 1992) ''Amitié particulière'' was long a euphemism for a homosexual attachment.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

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+ The plural ''amitiés'' means friendly greetings: Froissart already has ''ces lettres et ces amitiés''.^(Littré 1873)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Mid-11th century – ''Amistet''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1100 – ''Amistié'', ''Chanson de Roland''.^(Littré 1873)

+ * 1170 – A love relationship.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1330 – The form ''amitié''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 18th century – The adjective ''amical''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|friendship]], mutual affection not based on blood or sexual attraction: ''se lier d'amitié avec quelqu'un'', ''par amitié pour''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Friendly relations: between peoples or countries, [[m|en|amity]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Amitiés'': kind regards, best wishes.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(dated)'' ''Amitié particulière'': a homosexual attachment.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ami]]

+ * [[amical]]

+ * [[inimitié]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}