horreur French · revision 16772

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1160–75, Benoît de Sainte-Maure (orror)|origins=la horreō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɔ.ʁœʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''horreur''' ''f'' (plural horreurs)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|orror]], ''horror'', ''horreur'' from the 13th century.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|horror|t=bristling; shuddering; dread; religious awe]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|4, 488a) derived from [[m|la|horreō|t=to bristle; to shudder]] (see [[horripiler]]), of obscure origin.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Wiktionary notes that the reason for the feminine gender is unclear, Littré mentions a 16th-century attempt to make it masculine like other nouns with that ending.^(Wiktionary)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Compare [[it|orrore]], [[ca|horror]], [[es|horror]] and [[pt|horror]].^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Benoît de Sainte-Maure's ''Chronique des ducs de Normandie'' (about 1175) has ''orror'' for a feeling of dread or repulsion: ''Quant de l'orror sis cuers s'effreie'', “when his heart takes fright with horror”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The first uses refer to what inspires dread or revulsion, as in ''faire horreur à'' (Montaigne, 1580) and the literary “sacred awe” (1675); Pascal (1648) takes from Latin ''l'horreur du vide'' attributed to nature.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) From about 1225 it is a strong aversion, ''avoir horreur de'', ''avoir en horreur''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The Latin concrete sense “shiver” was taken up in 1547 (Scève) and lost.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ From 1565 (Belleau) it names what inspires horror, first a person and in the 18th century a thing, whence the familiar ''quelle horreur !'' and the plural ''les horreurs de la mort'' (d'Aubigné, early 17th century).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) From 1655 ''des horreurs'' are infamous deeds, and in the 17th century outrageous accusations.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1175 – ''Orror'', Benoît de Sainte-Maure.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1225 – “Aversion”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1547 – “Shiver”, Maurice Scève.^(TLFi)

+ * 1565 – A thing or person that inspires horror, Belleau.^(TLFi)

+ * 1580 – ''Faire horreur'', Montaigne.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1648 – ''L'horreur du vide'', Pascal.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1655 – ''Des horreurs'', infamous acts.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|horror]], a violent feeling of fear or revulsion: ''frémir d'horreur'', ''faire horreur à''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Strong aversion: ''avoir horreur de'', ''avoir en horreur'', to loathe.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(literary)'' Awe before the sublime or the unknown: ''une horreur sacrée''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # The horrible character of something, ''les horreurs de la mort''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # A horrible thing or person, ''(familiar)'' an ugly thing, an [[m|en|eyesore]]: ''quelle horreur !''^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Des horreurs'': atrocities; slanderous things.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Film d'horreur'': a horror film.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[horrible]]

+ * [[horrifier]]

+ * [[horrifique]]

+ * [[abhorrer]]

+ * [[horripiler]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}