interdire French · revision 16766

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1250, a Douai document|origins=la dīcō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɛ̃.tɛʁ.diʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''interdire'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|interdīcō|t=to forbid]], adapted after [[dire]];^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|4, 751b)^(Wiktionary) the religious sense comes from the Church Latin use “to forbid worship in a place or to a priest” (9th century).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The Latin verb is formed from [[m|la|inter-|t=between]] and [[m|la|dīcō|t=to say]], Littré explains the sense from a legal use, “to invoke a law between parties”, hence “to forbid”.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Old French had borrowed the verb in a more French form, [[m|fro|entredire]] “to place under an interdict” (1174).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) Compare [[pro|entredire]], [[es|entredecir]] and [[it|interdire]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A document from Douai (about 1250, in a 16th-century copy) has it for “to forbid something to someone”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its religious use for forbidding worship in a place appears in the ''Songe du Vergier'' (1376–78), and for a priest in Pascal (1656).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Before 1615 (Pasquier) it meant to suspend someone from his functions, and in civil law (Furetière, 1690) to deprive someone of the free management of his property.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The adjective [[interdit]] “dumbfounded” (Corneille, 1634) gave the verb a sense “to throw into confusion” (Pascal, 1656), now rare, and ''s'interdire'' “to be disconcerted” (Molière, 1661), now out of use.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Montaigne (about 1590) uses it for making something impossible.^(TLFi) The slogan of May 1968, ''il est interdit d'interdire'', reflects an absolute use.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1174 – The older form ''entredire''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1250 – “To forbid”, Douai.^(TLFi)

+ * 1376–78 – To place a place under an interdict.^(TLFi)

+ * Before 1615 – “To suspend from office”, Pasquier.^(TLFi)

+ * 1634 – ''Interdit'' “dumbfounded”, Corneille.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – Legal interdiction, Furetière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1968 – ''Il est interdit d'interdire''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|forbid]], [[m|en|prohibit]], ban: ''le médecin lui a interdit le sel'', ''il est interdit de fumer''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make impossible, prevent.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''S'interdire'': to refrain from, deny oneself.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(law)'' To place under legal [[m|en|interdiction]], ''(religion)'' to place under an [[m|en|interdict]]; to suspend from office.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(old)'' To dumbfound.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[interdit]]

+ * [[interdiction]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dire]]

+ * [[prohiber]]

+ * [[défendre]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}