bordel French · revision 16757

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1105, judeo-French (hut); c. 1200 (brothel)|origins=frk *borda}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /bɔʁ.dɛl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''bordel''' ''m'' (plural bordels)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fro|borde|-el|t1=hut, small house]], a diminutive with the same sense,^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)^(FEW|15/1, 188a) The base noun is [[der|frk|*borda|t=hut of planks]], the neuter plural of [[m|frk|*bord|t=plank]] taken collectively and become feminine.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007) The Frankish word is deduced from [[got|𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳|tr=baurd]] (in a compound “footstool”), [[non|borð]], [[ang|bord]] and [[gml|bort]] “plank, table”.^(DHLF 1992) See also [[bord]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Bloch and Wartburg think that the modern word, in use from 1609 in place of [[m|frm|bordeau]], is borrowed from [[pro|bordel]] or from [[it|bordello]] (itself from French or Provençal);^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) the Grand Robert and the GLLF also mention the Provençal form.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989) Wiktionary instead gives it as inherited through Middle French from [[la-med|bordellum|t=brothel, small hut]].^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[ca|bordell]] and [[es|burdel]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found early in the 12th century in Judaeo-French for a hut or small house, and in a 12th-century poem on Thomas Becket: ''qui veit le bordel son veisin alumé'', “who sees his neighbour's hut on fire”.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “brothel” appears about 1200 and, Littré says, by Joinville's time the word had been degraded to it: ''un chevalier qui fu pris au bordel''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873) The plural ''bordiaus'' gave a 16th-century singular ''bordeau'' (1537), which was usual until ''bordel'' replaced it in the early 17th century.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989) Meanwhile the simple ''borde'' kept the sense “cottage, farm” in many dialects of the West and South.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ In popular speech it came to mean a place in disorder, and disorder itself; it is also an oath, ''bordel de Dieu !''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 12th century – “Hut, small house”, in Judaeo-French.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * c. 1200 – “Brothel”.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * 1537 – The form ''bordeau''.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1609 – ''Bordel'' replaces ''bordeau''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(vulgar)'' A [[m|en|brothel]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(familiar)'' A [[m|en|mess]], great disorder; din: ''quel bordel !'', ''et tout le bordel'', and all the rest.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Interjection===

+ # ''(vulgar)'' An oath of annoyance: ''bordel de merde !''^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bordélique]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bord]]

+ * [[bordée]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}