moquer French · revision 16752

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=onomatopoeia|attested=1174–77, Roman de Renart}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /mɔ.ke/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''moquer'''^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is obscure.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) The TLFi and Rey see probably an expressive formation, a Romance [[m|la-vul|*mocco]] on a stem [[m|la-vul|*mokk-]] expressing contempt, as its Romance correspondents suggest: [[vec|mocar|t=to mock; to talk idly]], [[pms|moca|t=grimace]], [[es|mueca|t=grimace]] and [[pt|moca|t=derision]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(FEW|6/3, 21a)^(REW 1935) Bloch and Wartburg and the Grand Robert also call it an expressive word; the Grand Robert asks whether it is Germanic.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

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+ Older explanations meet difficulties: a link with [[grc|μωκάομαι|tr=mōkáomai|t=to mock]], accepted by Diez and Littré, poses phonetic problems, and one with [[non|moka|t=to shovel dung]] is not well supported in meaning or in its supposed Norman origin.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) Wiktionary derives it from [[dum|mocken|t=to mumble]] or [[gml|mucken|t=to grumble]].^(Wiktionary) [[en|mock]] was borrowed from French.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Roman de Renart'' (1174–77) uses it transitively for “to jeer at, make fun of”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The reflexive ''soi moquer de'' is found in the 13th century (''Isopet de Lyon''), and the passive ''se faire moquer de soi'' in Robert Estienne (1539); Furetière (1690) says the verb is used only with the reflexive pronoun.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Rutebeuf (1267) has ''se moquer de'' “to disregard, not care about”, and, from 1538 it also meant “not to speak or act seriously”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Se moquer de'' with an infinitive, “to refrain from”, is in Montaigne (about 1590), and ''être mocqué'' “to be deceived” (1509) went out of use in the 17th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

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+ Its derivatives are [[moquerie]] (1275), which replaced ''moquement'' and ''moqueis'', and [[moqueur]] (1280).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1174–77 – Transitive, ''Roman de Renart''.^(TLFi)

+ * 13th century – ''Soi moquer de''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1267 – “Not to care about”, Rutebeuf.^(TLFi)

+ * 1275 – [[moquerie]].^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1509 – ''Estre mocqué'' “to be deceived”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1539 – ''Se faire mocquer de soi'', Robert Estienne.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1590 – ''Se moquer de'' with an infinitive, Montaigne.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''Se moquer de'': to make fun of, [[m|en|mock]], laugh at.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Se moquer de'': not to care about, make light of: ''je m'en moque'', ''se moquer comme de l'an quarante''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Se moquer du monde'': to take people for fools, treat them with contempt.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(literary, mostly passive)'' To ridicule: ''il se vit bafoué, berné, sifflé, moqué, joué'' (La Fontaine).^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[moquerie]]

+ * [[moqueur]]

+ * [[moquable]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|mock]]

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}