passion French · revision 16751

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 980, Passion de Clermont|origins=la patior}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pa.sjɔ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''passion''' ''f'' (countable and uncountable, plural passions)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-lat|passiō|t=suffering, enduring; the Passion; affection of the mind]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|7, 731a)^(Wiktionary) formed on [[m|la|passum]], the supine of [[m|la|patior|t=to suffer, endure]] (see [[pâtir]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The Latin noun is found from Apuleius (2nd century) for undergoing or suffering, then for physical pain and illness, Christian writers from Tertullian used it for the sufferings of Christ and of the martyrs.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From the end of the 3rd century it also meant a movement of the soul, especially in the plural and in a bad sense, translating [[grc|πάθος|tr=páthos]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Compare [[ro|pasiune]], [[it|passione]], [[ca|passió]], [[es|pasión]] and [[pt|paixão]].^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Passion'' of Clermont (late 10th century) uses it for the torment suffered by Christ, and the ''Vie de saint Léger'' for that of a martyr.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Philippe de Thaon (1119) uses it for the Gospel account of the Passion; the ''Confrarie de la Passion'' that staged mystery plays is named in a letter of Charles VI (1402), and Madame de Sévigné (1671) went to hear a Passion sermon by Bourdaloue.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The fruit and flower of the passion (see [[passiflore]]) owe their names to the same sense.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ The word also meant physical suffering (early 12th century) before being reserved for affections of the soul: ''passion d'amor'' (early 13th century), and Brunetto Latini's list of passions, ''amour, leesce et misericorde'' (about 1265).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Ronsard (1569) uses it for the torment of love; other senses date from the 16th and 17th centuries: partisan bias (''sans passion'', 1607), a keen love of something (1621), the warmth of a work of art and the object of one's affection (1671).^(DHLF 1992) Oresme (1370) used it philosophically for what a subject undergoes, as opposed to action, the distinction Descartes took up in the ''Passions de l'âme'' (1649); in modern use it has lost all idea of passivity and denotes a violent feeling or a keen taste.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 980 – The Passion of Christ, ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)

+ * Late 10th century – A martyr's torment, ''Vie de saint Léger''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1119 – The Gospel account, Philippe de Thaon.^(TLFi)

+ * Early 12th century – Physical suffering.^(TLFi)

+ * Early 13th century – ''Passion d'amor''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1370 – Philosophical sense, Oresme.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1402 – ''Confrarie de la Passion''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1569 – The torment of love, Ronsard.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1621 – A keen love of something.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1649 – Descartes's ''Passions de l'âme''.^(TLFi)

+ * Mid-20th century – ''Fruit de la passion''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Christianity)'' The Passion, the sufferings and death of Christ; a musical setting of it: ''la Passion selon saint Matthieu''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(archaic)'' Suffering: ''souffrir mort et passion''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A strong, overwhelming feeling; intense love: ''aimer avec passion'', ''crime passionnel''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # A keen [[m|en|enthusiasm]], liking for something: ''la passion du jeu, de la musique''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The object of such a liking: ''la peinture est sa passion''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(dated)'' Bias, partisanship: ''juger sans passion''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Fruit de la passion'': [[m|en|passion fruit]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[passionner]]

+ * [[passionné]]

+ * [[passionnel]]

+ * [[passionnément]]

+ * [[passionniste]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[compassion]]

+ * [[pâtir]]

+ * [[patience]]

+ * [[passif]]

+ * [[passiflore]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}