endormir French · revision 16749

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland (endormiz)|origins=la dormiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɑ̃.dɔʁ.miʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''endormir'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|indormiō|alt=indormīre|t=to sleep on; to be careless]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|3, 141b) which in Late Latin also meant “to go numb” (of a limb); the Latin verb is formed from [[m|la|in-]] and [[m|la|dormiō|t=to sleep]] (see [[dormir]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The Grand Robert adds that the French verb was shaped after the simple verb, and the GLLF and Littré simply analyse it as [[en-]] and that verb.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Compare [[pro|endormir]] and [[it|indormire]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) has the past participle: ''Endormiz est, ne puet mais en avant'' “he is asleep, he can go no further”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The reflexive ''s'endormir'' “to fall asleep” is in the ''Couronnement de Louis'' (about 1135).^(TLFi) Chrétien de Troyes's ''Cligès'' (1176) uses the feminine ''andormie'' for a sleeping draught, later (1572) a name of henbane.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The ''Livre des Rois'' (about 1170) has ''endormi'' “numb”, of an arm tired from striking, and Benoît de Sainte-Maure (about 1175) the figurative “to lull, deceive” (''od beiau parler endormir'').^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ''S'endormir'' “to die” dates from the 13th century and survives in literary phrases; the slang ''endormir'' “to kill” (Vadé, 1753) has gone.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In the 16th century the reflexive meant “to lose one's force” (Gringore, before 1539) and “to subside”, of a feeling (Belleau, before 1577), and Montaigne (1580) has ''endormir un mal''; in medicine the verb is used of inducing sleep (before 1577; revived in the 19th century).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Boileau (1660) uses it for boring an audience.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Endormiz'', ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1135 – ''S'endormir'', ''Couronnement de Louis''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1170 – ''Endormi'' “numb”, ''Livre des Rois''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1175 – “To deceive”, Benoît de Sainte-Maure.^(TLFi)

+ * 1176 – ''Andormie'' “sleeping draught”, Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * 13th century – ''S'endormir'' “to die”.^(TLFi)

+ * Before 1577 – Medical sense, “to subside”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1660 – “To bore”, Boileau.^(TLFi)

+ * 1753 – Slang “to kill”, Vadé.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To put to sleep, send to sleep: ''bercer un enfant pour l'endormir''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To put under, [[m|en|anaesthetize]]; to hypnotize.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To [[m|en|bore]] (someone) to sleep: ''orateur qui endort son auditoire''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # To dull, soothe (a pain or feeling).^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To lull, put off one's guard; to hoodwink.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''S'endormir'': to fall asleep, ''(figurative)'' to slacken, let one's attention lapse, ''(literary)'' to die: ''s'endormir du dernier sommeil''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[endormi]]

+ * [[endormissement]]

+ * [[endormeur]]

+ * [[rendormir]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dormir]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}