chemise French · revision 16746

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 10th century, Passion de Clermont (chamisae)|origins=la-lat camisia}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʃə.miz/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''chemise''' ''f'' (plural chemises)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Chamisae'' (about 980); ''chemise'' from the 11th–12th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-lat|camisia|t=shirt, linen undergarment]], which appeared in the 4th century with the garment it names, and took the sense “cover” in the 12th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|2, 140a) Its first record is in Saint Jerome, who calls it a word of popular speech: soldiers, he says, are accustomed to wear linen shirts which they call “camisiae”.^(Littré 1873)^(Etymonline) Rey says the Latin word could be a borrowing from Gaulish or Germanic.^(DHLF 1992) Etymonline and Wiktionary trace it, probably through Gaulish, to a Germanic word, [[gmw-pro|*hamiþi|t=shirt]] in Wiktionary, the source of [[de|Hemd]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|camicia]], [[oc|camisa]], [[es|camisa]], [[pt|camisa]] and [[ro|cămașă]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Clermont ''Passion'' (late 10th century) has ''chamisae'' for a linen garment worn next to the skin.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The ''Roncevaux'' has ''Elle ot chemise de soie d'Aumarie'' “she had a shirt of Almería silk”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By analogy it is a cover: of a book (1351), the masonry facing of a rampart (1676), a cardboard folder for papers (1752) and the protective lining of a blast furnace (1753), later of a cylinder (''chemise de piston'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Chemise de nuit'' dates from 1584.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ From the 16th century the word entered many phrases: ''changer d'avis comme de chemise'' (1791), ''être comme cul et chemise'' (1808), ''en bras de chemise'', ''vendre sa dernière chemise''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) In the 20th century it named members of paramilitary movements by their shirts: ''chemises noires'', ''chemises brunes''.^(DHLF 1992) English took ''chemise'' as a woman's undergarment from French, beside the much older ''kemes''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 980 – ''Chamisae'', Clermont ''Passion''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1220 – ''Chemisette''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1351 – A book cover.^(TLFi)

+ * 1584 – ''Chemise de nuit''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1752 – A cardboard folder.^(TLFi)

+ * 1791 – ''Changer d'avis comme de chemise''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|shirt]], buttoned down the front: ''chemise à manches courtes'', ''en bras de chemise'', in shirtsleeves.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Chemise de nuit'': a [[m|en|nightdress]], nightshirt.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(old)'' A [[m|en|shift]], a linen undergarment.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(AND)

+ # A [[m|en|folder]] for papers.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(technical)'' A casing, lining: ''chemise de cylindre'', ''(fortification)'' a facing wall.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Être comme cul et chemise'': to be thick as thieves, ''changer d'avis comme de chemise'', to keep changing one's mind.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[chemisette]]

+ * [[chemisier]]

+ * [[chemiserie]]

+ * [[surchemise]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[camisole]]

+ * [[en|chemise]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}