éteindre French · revision 16740

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1130–1140, Wace, Vie de sainte Marguerite (esteindre)|origins=la exstinguō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /e.tɛ̃dʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''éteindre'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''esteindre'', ''estaindre'', ''éteindre'' from the 17th century.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|esteindre]], [[inh|la-vul|*extingō|alt=*extingere]], from [[la|exstinguō|t=to put out (a fire); to wipe out]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|3, 320a)^(Wiktionary) The Latin verb has no simple verb beside it and is of obscure origin, Littré related it to [[m|la|īnstīnctus]] and [[grc|στίγμα|tr=stígma|t=point]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) Bloch and Wartburg note that it was replaced almost everywhere by other words, because it could be taken for a compound of [[m|la|tingō|t=to dye]]; in Gallo-Romance it survives only in the northern dialects, and even there competes with [[déteindre]] and [[tuer]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Already in Latin people spoke euphemistically of “calming” a fire, the usage behind the latter.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Compare [[pro|estenher]], [[ro|stinge]], [[es|extinguir]] and [[it|estinguere]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Wace's ''Vie de sainte Marguerite'' (1130–40) uses ''esteindre'' for making a fire or light stop burning, Thomas Becket's life has ''Esteigniez ces cirges alumez'' “put out these lighted candles”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Benoît de Sainte-Maure (about 1160) uses it for abating or ending something, a feeling or desire: ''Esteigne le grant feu de t'ire'' “may it quench the great fire of thy anger”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) ''S'éteindre'' “to fade away, die gently” is in Chrétien de Troyes (1165), and euphemistically means “to die”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Beaumanoir (about 1283) uses it for putting out a house on fire, and later it was used for slaking lime (about 1560) and quenching iron.^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873) ''Éteindre une dette'' “to extinguish a debt” is recorded in 1690.^(DHLF 1992) In the 20th century one ''éteint'' a lamp, the light, or an electrical appliance.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1130–1140 – ''Esteindre'', Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1160 – “To abate”, Benoît de Sainte-Maure.^(TLFi)

+ * 1165 – ''S'éteindre'' “to fade away”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1552 – The derivative ''éteignoir''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1690 – ''Éteindre une dette''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To put out, [[m|en|extinguish]]: ''éteindre le feu, une cigarette''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To switch off, turn off: ''éteindre la lumière, la télévision''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To dampen, quench: ''éteindre la soif''; to dull (a colour, a sound).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(law)'' To extinguish (a debt, a right).^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''S'éteindre'': to go out; to fade, ''(euphemism)'' to pass away.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[éteint]]

+ * [[éteignoir]]

+ * [[éteignement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[extinction]]

+ * [[inextinguible]]

+ * [[distinguer]]

+ * [[extincteur]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}