recherche French · revision 16731

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=1452|origins=la circus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁə.ʃɛʁʃ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''recherche''' ''f'' (plural recherches)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a deverbal noun from [[rechercher]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary) That verb is formed with [[re-]] on [[chercher]], at first [[m|fro|cercier]] (1080), [[m|fro|cerchier]], from [[la-lat|circō|t=to go round, survey]], from [[m|la|circā|t=around]], from [[m|la|circus|t=circle]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A royal ordinance of 1452 uses it for a search, a careful seeking, Jean d'Auton (about 1500) has the same sense.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Malherbe uses it for courting a woman (1607) and for legal proceedings (1629); the Académie (1694) has ''faire agréer sa recherche''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) Montaigne (1580) uses it for affected care in literature: ''Les bons poetes ont evité l'affectation et la recherche''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Bourdaloue (before 1704) uses it for seeking knowledge, and, from the early 18th century it specialized in the sciences; the plural ''recherches'' “scholarly and scientific work” dates from 1815 (Constant), and ''à la recherche de'' from 1797.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In the 20th century research became an institution, with ''recherche fondamentale'' and ''appliquée'' and the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (1941).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Computing has ''moteur de recherche'' “search engine”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1452 – “Careful search”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1580 – “Affectation” in style, Montaigne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1607 – “Courtship”, Malherbe.^(TLFi)

+ * Before 1704 – The search for knowledge, Bourdaloue.^(TLFi)

+ * 1797 – ''À la recherche de''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1815 – ''Recherches'' “scholarly work”, Constant.^(TLFi)

+ * 1941 – The CNRS is founded.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|search]]: ''la recherche d'un emploi'', ''partir à la recherche de'', ''avis de recherche''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|research]]: ''faire de la recherche'', ''recherche scientifique'', ''un centre de recherche''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(plural)'' Research work, investigations: ''faire des recherches''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # Pursuit: ''la recherche du bonheur''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # Refinement, ''(pejorative)'' affectation, especially in style.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(dated)'' Courtship.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rechercher]]

+ * [[chercher]]

+ * [[chercheur]]

+ * [[recherché]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}