maladie French · revision 16704

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1150|origins=la habeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ma.la.di/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''maladie''' ''f'' (plural maladies)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fr|malade|-ie]], an Old French formation.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) The adjective [[malade]] continues [[la|male habitus|t=in poor condition]], with the verb [[m|la|habeō]] in the sense “to be in a given state”; it is found as “sick” in Aulus Gellius (2nd century) and ousted classical [[m|la|aeger]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Old French also used [[m|fro|malage]], formed from [[mal]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Compare [[it|malattia]], [[ca|malaltia]] and [[pro|malaptia]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The GLLF and the Grand Robert date it to about 1150; the 12th-century translation of the ''Maccabees'' has ''E après ceo si chay en maladie'' “and after this he fell ill”.^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873) In Guillaume de Lorris's ''Roman de la Rose'' (1225–30) it is used figuratively for anything that troubles the mind.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Robert Estienne (1538) applies it to animals and Palissy (1563) to plants, Guez de Balzac (1652) speaks of the diseases that afflict states, and Molière's ''Malade imaginaire'' (1673) of ''la maladie des médecins'', a mania.^(TLFi) Froissart calls leprosy ''la grosse maladie''.^(Littré 1873) Phrases include ''maladie chronique'' (14th century), ''faire une maladie'' (Diderot, 1762), ''en faire une maladie'' “to make oneself ill over something” (Littré, 1867) and ''maladie professionnelle'' (law of 9 April 1908).^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1150 – First record.^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1225–30 – Figurative use, Guillaume de Lorris.^(TLFi)

+ * 14th century – ''Maladie chronique''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1538 – Of animals, Robert Estienne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1563 – Of plants, Palissy.^(TLFi)

+ * 1652 – Of states, Guez de Balzac.^(TLFi)

+ * 1673 – “Mania”, Molière.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1908 – ''Maladie professionnelle''.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|illness]], [[m|en|disease]]: ''maladie grave, chronique, contagieuse'', ''les maladies infantiles'', ''congé de maladie'', sick leave.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A disease of animals or plants.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A disorder of the mind, of society or a state.^(TLFi)

+ # A [[m|en|mania]], obsession: ''la maladie de la vitesse''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''En faire une maladie'': to get into a state about something.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[maladif]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[malade]]

+ * [[mal]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}