immobile French · revision 16696

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1370–72, Nicole Oresme, Éthiques|origins=la moveō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /i.mɔ.bil/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''immobile''' (plural immobiles)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''immoble'' (13th century), the regular form, which survives as [[immeuble]].^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|immōbilis|t=motionless; immovable, steadfast]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|4, 573a)^(Wiktionary) from [[m|la|in-|t=not]] and [[m|la|mōbilis|t=movable]] (see [[mobile]]),^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) from [[m|la|moveō|t=to move]].^(Petit Robert 2007) Jean de Meun (about 1265) already has a noun [[m|fro|immobil|t=immobility]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873) It is a doublet of [[immeuble]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Compare [[pro|immoble]], [[es|inmoble]] and [[it|immobile]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Nicole Oresme's translation of Aristotle's ''Ethics'' (1370–72) uses it for what does not move, what is fixed.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The adjective kept the Latin range, said of things and of people.^(DHLF 1992) It describes a person who remains motionless under a strong emotion (Corneille, 1636), what is fixed once and for all, unchanging (Montaigne, 1580), and a firm, unshakeable person (1573); classical ''immobile à quelque chose'' “unmoved by” has disappeared.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Its derivatives include [[immobilité]] (1314), [[immobiliser]] (Cyrano de Bergerac, 1654; earlier ''immobiliter'', 1507) and [[immobilisme]] (Fourier, 1829).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1265 – The noun ''immobil'', Jean de Meun.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1314 – [[immobilité]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1370–72 – The adjective, Oresme.^(TLFi)

+ * 1580 – “Fixed, unchanging”, Montaigne.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1636 – “Motionless with emotion”, Corneille.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1654 – [[immobiliser]], Cyrano de Bergerac.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|motionless]], still: ''rester immobile'', ''mer immobile''; of a vehicle, stationary.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # That does not move by nature: ''on croyait la terre immobile''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Fixed, unchanging; of a person, steadfast, unshakeable.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[immobilement]]

+ * [[immobilité]]

+ * [[immobiliser]]

+ * [[immobilisme]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mobile]]

+ * [[immeuble]]

+ * [[mouvoir]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}