sortie French · revision 16690

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=1400, statutes of the painters of Amiens|origins=la sortior}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sɔʁ.ti/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sortie''' ''f'' (plural sorties)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the feminine past participle of [[sortir]] used as a noun.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) Of the verb's senses it kept only the idea of movement.^(DHLF 1992) The verb probably continues [[la|sortior|t=to cast lots; to obtain by lot]], from [[m|la|sors|t=lot, fate]] (see [[sort]]); the shift to “to go out” may have started from the participle [[m|la|sortītus]] “designated by lot”, hence “escaping”, “appearing outside”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) A derivation of the verb of movement from a popular [[m|la-vul|*surctus]], for [[m|la|surrēctus]], the participle of [[m|la|surgō|t=to rise]], has been proposed and is followed by Etymonline and in part by Wiktionary, but Rey objects that it does not account for the French ⟨o⟩.^(DHLF 1992)^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary) The verb was rare as a verb of movement before the 16th century, when it replaced the old [[m|fro|issir]] (see [[issue]]); a noun [[m|fro|essort|t=a going out]] is found in the 13th century and in 1431.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The statutes of the painters, sculptors, embroiderers and illuminators of Amiens (5 December 1400) use it for the act of leaving a place.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Tagault (1549) uses it for the appearance of something to the eye (''eruptions et sorties de phlegmes''), and in war it named a sally of the besieged (Catherine de Médicis, 1570, ''firent une sortie sur l'ennemy'', 1579).^(TLFi) The place through which one goes out is in d'Aubigné (1616), and Monet (1636) has ''à la sortie'' “at the end”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Molière (''Les Femmes savantes'', 1672) uses it for an angry outburst.^(TLFi)

+

+ Later special uses include short trips from a port (1831), an actor's exit (Académie, 1835, ''fausse sortie'', Balzac, 1836), a servant's or boarder's day off (Balzac, 1840, ''jour de sortie'', 1844), expenditure (1846), workers leaving work (Zola, ''Germinal'', 1885), the release of a book (Gide, 1927) or a film (1936), the emergency exit (''sortie de secours'', Morand, 1930), and, in 1964, computer output and an operational flight by an aircraft.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) English borrowed ''sortie'' in 1778 for an attack by the besieged, and used it for military flights from 1918.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – The older noun ''essort''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1400 – “A going out”, Amiens.^(TLFi)

+ * 1570 – A sally, Catherine de Médicis.^(TLFi)

+ * 1616 – The way out, d'Aubigné.^(TLFi)

+ * 1672 – “Outburst”, Molière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1778 – English ''sortie''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1835 – An exit from the stage.^(TLFi)

+ * 1840 – A day off, Balzac.^(TLFi)

+ * 1885 – Workers leaving work, Zola.^(TLFi)

+ * 1927 – Release of a book, Gide.^(TLFi)

+ * 1930 – ''Sortie de secours'', Morand.^(TLFi)

+ * 1964 – Computer output; a combat mission by an aircraft.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of going out, leaving: ''à la sortie des écoles''; an actor's going off, ''fausse sortie''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An outing, trip: ''une sortie en famille'', ''jour de sortie'', day off.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An [[m|en|exit]], way out: ''sortie de secours''; the exit of a motorway.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(military)'' A [[m|en|sally]], [[m|en|sortie]] by the besieged; a mission by an aircraft.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The release, appearance (of a book, a film, a product): ''date de sortie''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An outburst, a remark made in anger: ''faire une sortie contre quelqu'un''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # Outgoings, expenditure: ''les entrées et les sorties''.^(TLFi)

+ # ''(computing, electronics)'' Output.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''À la sortie de'': at the end of; at the exit from.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sortie de bain]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[entrée]]

+ * [[sortir]]

+ * [[issue]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}