dommage French · revision 16689

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland (damage)|origins=la damnum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /dɔ.maʒ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dommage''' ''m'' (plural dommages)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''damage'' (1080) and ''domage'' (about 1160), also ''daumage'', ''demage''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fro|dam|-age]], first [[m|fro|damage]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|3, 11a) altered to [[m|fro|domage]] probably under the influence of Old French [[m|fro|dongier]] (see [[danger]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) [[dam]] continues [[la|damnum|t=loss, harm]]; having more body, the derivative replaced it, and the simple noun survives only in phrases.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Littré and Wiktionary also consider a Latin type [[la-vul|*damnāticum]], which explains [[pro|damnatge]] and [[it|dannaggio]].^(Littré 1873)^(Wiktionary) The first form was borrowed into [[en|damage]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) has ''damage'' for harm or loss: ''Fust i li reis, n'i eüssions damage'' “if the king were here, we would suffer no loss”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The ''Roman d'Eneas'' (about 1160) already has the phrase of regret: ''Ce est domage que vos estes por mei ocis'' “it is a pity that you were killed for me”, ''c'est dommage que'' has remained very common.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Villehardouin (about 1207) has the sense of a misfortune.^(GLLF 1989) Wholly cut off from ''dam'', the word is used both in law and in everyday language, ''dommages et intérêts'' is recorded by Furetière (1690).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ Its derivatives include [[endommager]] (1165, ''endamagier''), [[dédommager]] (1262) and [[dommageable]] (1349, earlier ''damageable'', 1309).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Damage'', ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1160 – ''Domage'', ''ce est domage que'', ''Eneas''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1165 – [[endommager]].^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1262 – [[dédommager]].^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1690 – ''Dommages et intérêts'', Furetière.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Harm, [[m|en|injury]], loss suffered by someone: ''dommage corporel, moral'', ''réparer un dommage''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Dommages-intérêts'', ''dommages et intérêts'': [[m|en|damages]] awarded by a court.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # [[m|en|damage]] to things: ''dommages de guerre''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''C'est dommage'', ''quel dommage'': it's a pity, what a shame, ''c'est dommage que'' with the subjunctive.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Interjection===

+ # ''Dommage !'': too bad! what a pity!^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dommageable]]

+ * [[endommager]]

+ * [[dédommager]]

+ * [[dédommagement]]

+ * [[dommage collatéral]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dam]]

+ * [[damner]]

+ * [[en|damage]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}