chasser French · revision 16688

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1130–60, Couronnement de Louis (chacier)|origins=la capiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʃa.se/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''chasser'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''chacier'', Picard ''cachier'', ''cassier'' (13th century).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|chacier]], [[inh|la-vul|*captiō|alt=*captiāre]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|2, 319a) formed on [[m|la|captus]], the past participle of [[m|la|capiō|t=to take, catch]], beside the classical frequentative [[m|la|captō|t=to try to catch]] (see [[capter]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) An adjective [[m|la|captiōsus]] “relating to hunting” appears in a letter of the African priest Stephen.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The verb gradually ousted classical [[m|la|vēnor|t=to hunt]], which survives in [[veneur]] and [[vénerie]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|cacciare]], [[pro|cassar]], [[ca|caçar]], [[es|cazar]] and [[pt|caçar]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Couronnement de Louis'' (1130–60) has ''chacier'' “to pursue animals in order to kill them”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By the 12th century it also meant “to drive forward (a person)” (Wace, about 1160) and “to drive (an animal) before one” (Chrétien de Troyes, 1172–75), and “to drive out” (Guernes de Pont-Sainte-Maxence, 1172–74); the ''Chanson de Roland'' already has ''Par vive force les en cacerent Franc'' “the Franks drove them out by main force”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) From the idea of a violent push came “to drive in (a nail)” (late 12th century) and the phrase ''un clou chasse l'autre'' (1690), now understood in the sense “to drive out”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) After the Middle Ages it meant “to dismiss from a post” (1576), and in the 19th century “to dispel” (''chasser les soucis'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Intransitive uses began at sea: a ship ''chasse sur ses ancres'' when it drags them (1678, ''chasser'' alone from 1545); they followed in printing (1688), of clouds driven by the wind (1797), in dance, after the noun ''chassé'' (before 1752), and of a car skidding (1929).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) In Belgian French it means “to blow hard”.^(DHLF 1992) The proverb ''bon chien chasse de race'' is recorded in 1669.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1080 – ''Cacerent'' “drove out”, ''Chanson de Roland''.^(Littré 1873)

+ * 1130–60 – ''Chacier'' “to hunt”, ''Couronnement de Louis''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1160 – “To drive forward”, Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * Late 12th century – “To drive in (a nail)”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1576 – “To dismiss”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1669 – ''Chasser de race''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1678 – ''Chasser sur ses ancres''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – ''Un clou chasse l'autre'', Furetière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1797 – Of clouds driven by the wind.^(TLFi)

+ * 1929 – Of a skidding car.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|hunt]]: ''chasser le lièvre'', ''(absolute)'' to go hunting, ''chasser sur les terres d'autrui'', to poach on another's preserves.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|drive out]], expel, turn out: ''chasser quelqu'un de chez soi''; to dismiss.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To dispel, drive away: ''chasser les mouches'', ''chasser une idée''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To drive forward, push before one: ''chasser des vaches''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' Of a ship, to drag its anchors; of a vehicle, to skid; of clouds, to be driven along.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+ # ''Bon chien chasse de race'': like father, like son.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[chasse]]

+ * [[chasseur]]

+ * [[chasseresse]]

+ * [[pourchasser]]

+ * [[chasse-neige]]

+ * [[chassé-croisé]]

+ * [[chasse-marée]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[capter]]

+ * [[captif]]

+ * [[veneur]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}